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Patho ch3 unit quiz

Pathophysiology Online Class

QuestionAnswer
What are major water compartments of body? Intracellular fluid (ICF), Extracellular fluid (ECF)
What % of total body water held in each compartment? The standard value for TBW is 60% of the body.ICF holds 40% of total body water and ECF holds 20% of total body water.
What force moves water between ICF and ECF? osmosis
What forces moves water between the plasma and interstitial fluid? At what part does it occur? osmosis and hydrostatic pressure across the capillary membrane
What is called the movement across the capillary wall? net filtration
Explain the Starling law Net filtration=(forces favoring filtration)-(forces opposing filtration)
How much and where do we have our total body water? Total body water is the sum of fluid within all compartments. The standard value for TBW is 60% of the weight of a 70kg adult male.(42L)
Why different TBW at different ages--fetus, infant, adult, elederly? fetus store less fat and hold less water.As age increases, a person gains fats and loses muscle, then he/her loses TBW. Also renal mechanism to regulate fluid becomes less functional as getting older, it also affects TBW.
Who has higher TBW, men or women? Men has higher TBW than women because men store less fat and more muscle than women.
What is edema? Edema is a problem of fluid distribution that results in accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces.
what causes edema? The four most common mechanisms are: 1)increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, 2)decreases plasma oncotic pressure, 3)increased capillary membrane permeability, 4)lymphatic obstruction.
What are aquaporins? The water channel proteins that provide permeability to water when water between ICF and ECF moves by osmotic forces.
What is renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? the system promotes and inhibits secretion of aldosterone and regulate sodium and water balance, and also lower the blood pressure, and increase water volume.
When renin is secreted? when blood pressure is low and renal perfusion decreased.
At where renin is secreted? juxtablomerular cells
what is Natriuretic peptide? they are produced by heart and kidney. They decreases blood pressure and increases sodium and water excretion.
Explain tonicity. it describes the effective osmolality of a solution. Solutions have relative degrees of tonicity.
What is isotonic solution. it has the same osmolality or concentration of particles as the ICF or ECF.
What is hypotonic solution? It has a lower concentration and is thus more dilute than body fluids.
What is hypertonic solution it has a higher concentration.
what organs are involves in acid/base balance? lung and kidney.(reapiratory systems and renal systems)
how buffers work? they are substances that can absorb excessive acid or base without a significant change in pH.
what are buffers? Buffers exist as acid-base pairs; the principal plasma buffers are carbonic acid-bicarbonate, protein(hemoglobin), and phosphate.
When ADH is secreted? It is secreted when plasma osmolality increases or blood pressure decreases.
How ADH works? It stimulates renal reabsorption of water and increase blood volume and dilute the blood. Also It stimulates blood vessels to construct and increase blood pressure.
What ADH generates? Blood pressure and water volume
what evaluation is used to distinguish different types of metabolic acidosis? anion gap
Give the formula for anion gap (Na+ + K+)-(Cl- + HCO3-)
What is normal range of AG? 10-12mEq/L
What if AG is over normal range, what do you call it? Metabolic acidosis
Created by: hiroko lucky
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