Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Outer & Middle Ear
Anatomy & Physiology of Outer and Middle Ear
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sagittal Plane | divides two lateral portions |
| Coronal Plane | divides anterior and posterior portions |
| Transverse Plane | divides superior and inferior portions |
| Resonant Frequency Equation | velocity/wavelength= 1130/4(length of tube) |
| Functions of Outer ear | protection, resonance, and localization |
| Functions of Tympanic Membrane | 1) transduction of acoustic energy to mechanical 2) protection 3)filtering (lower-pass) 4)acoustic deadspace 5)step-up transformer (14:1) |
| 11 Human Biological Systems | nervous, respitory, vascular, muscular, endocrine, integumentary, digestive, muscular, skeletal, urinary, reproductive |
| Phylogenic Ladder | Kingdom-Phylum-Subphylum-Class-Order-Suborder-Family-Genus-Species |
| 5 Necessities of Life | metabolism-growth-irritability-reproduction-spontaneous movement |
| Functions of Inner Ear | 1) transduction of hydromechanical energy to bioelectrical 2)filter and distribute signal |
| Function of Auditory Nerve (VIII) | conduction of bioelectric signal |
| Function of Central Nervous System | information processing |
| 3 Layers of Tympanic Membrane | 1)lateral-skin continuous with external auditory canal 2)middle fibrous layer-radial and concentric fibers 3)medial-continuous with mucous membrane of middle ear space |
| Segmental Movement of Tympanic Membrane | central portion moves as a unit at 2000 Hz or below. above 2000 Hz movement is segmented |
| Which Cranial nerves innervate the Tympanic Membrane? | V-trigeminal IX-glossopharyngeal X-vagus |
| Describe Pars Flaccida of TM | located in the superior quadrants inferior to notch of Rivinus more flexible than pars tensa made of Schrapnell's membrane acts as pressure valve that expands dynamic range and increases displacement which decreases chances of perforations |
| Stapedius Muscle | originates in bony canal posterior to promontory inserts in neck of stapes innervated by VII-facial nerve contraction pulls ossicular chain posteriorly |
| Tensor Tympani Muscle | originates in bony canal superior to Eustachian tube inserts in manubrium of malleus innervated by V-trigeminal nerve contraction pulls ossicular chain anteriorly |
| Class I Levers | fulcrum in middle of two arms, can increase or decrease force |
| Class II Levers | arm 1 always longer than 2, will always work at a mechanical advantage *ossicles |
| Class III Levers | arm 2 always longer than arm 1, will always work at a mechanical disadvantage |
| 2 Ossicular Joints | malleoincudal and incudostapedial |
| How did Johnstone and Manley (1960s) apply the Mossbauer Technique to the ear? | used TM as a resonator and placed a receiver near the TM. movement of the receiver changed the _______ which measured the velocity and displacement of the TM |
| How did Von Bekesy measure TM movement? | used a capacitative probe |
| How did Dahman (1929) measure TM movement | used pieces of mirror |
| Why are children more prone to Middle Ear infections? | eustachian tube is more horizontal as head is developing and shorter which allows for easier migration of bacteria from nasopharynx and inhibits drainage |
| How do tonsils affect Eustachian tube function? | when a person is sick, their tonsils overproduce white blood cells which swell and close off the Eustachian tube. the middle ear evacuates and effuses liquid into the closed middle ear space which is unable to drain |
| Nasopharyngeal Osteum | opening of the Eustachian tube in the nasopharynx. it is surrounded by cartilage and sphincter-like muscles called the Torrus Tubarus. while closed at rest, when these muscles contract it opens the tube and allows for equalization and drainage |
| Tympanic Osteum | opening of the Eustachian tube in the middle ear. it is surrounded by bone and therefore always open |
| Minimum Audibility Curve | the minimum average threshold (dBSPL)as a function of frequency. bowl-shaped with the lowest points between 1-4 kHz |
| Middle Ear Transfer Function | How much gain the middle ear provides (dBSPL) as a function of frequency. hill-shaped with the highest between 1-4 kHz |
| Middle Ear Impedance-Matching Ratios (force) | lever-action of ossicles 1.3:1 buckling action of TM 2:1 surface area difference 14:1 |
| How much energy would be lost without the outer and middle ear? | 99.9% or ~30 dB |
Created by:
1195080837
Popular Biology sets