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Biology CH 3
Cell Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Semifluid substance enclosed by a cell's plasma membrane. | Cytoplasm |
| Structural foundation of cell membranes; mainly phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail in two layers. | Lipid Bilayer |
| Region of cytoplasm where the DNA is concentrated inside a prokaryotic cell. | Nucleoid |
| Organelle with two membranes that holds a eukaryotic cell's DNA. | Nucleus |
| Structure that carries out a specialized metabolic function inside a cell. | Organelle |
| A cell's outermost membrane. | Plasma Membrane |
| Smallest unit of life. | Cell |
| Fundamental theory of biology: All organisms consist of one or more cells; the cell is the smallest unit of life; each new cell arises from another cell; and a cell passes hereditary material to its offspring. | Cell Theory |
| A relationship in which the volume of an object increases with the cube of the diameter, but the surface area increases with the square. | Surface-to-Volume-Ratio |
| Membrane protein that helps cells stick together in tissues. | Adhesion Protein |
| Molecule that speeds a chemical process without being changed by it. | Enzyme |
| A cell membrane can be considered a two-dimensional fluid of mixed composition. | Fluid Mosaic Model |
| Plasma membrane protein that binds to a particular substance outside of the cell. | Receptor Protein |
| Plasma mebrane protein that tags a cell as belonging to self (one's own body). | Recognition Protein |
| Protein that passively or actively assists specific ions or molecules across a membrane. | Transport Protein |
| Community of different types of microorganisms living within a shared mass of slime. | Biofilm |
| Semirigid but permeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of some cells. | Cell Wall |
| Long, slender cellular structure used for motility. | Flagellum |
| A protein filament that projects from the surface of some bacterial cells. | Pilus |
| Organelle of protein synthesis. | Ribosome |
| Series of interacting organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles) between nucleus and plasma membrane; produces lipids, proteins. | Endomembrane System |
| Organelle that is a continuous system of sacs and tubes; extension of the nuclear envelope. Rough ER is studded with ribosoes, smooth ER is not. | Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
| Organelle that modifies polypeptides and lipids; also sorts and packages finished products into vesicles. | Golgi Body |
| Enzyme-filled vesicle that functions in intracellular digestion. | Lysosome |
| Double-membraned organelle that produces ATP. | Mitochondrion |
| A double membrane that constitutes the outer boundary of the nucleus. | Nuclear Envelope |
| Enzyme filled vesicle that breaks down amino acids, fatty acids, and toxic substances. | Peroxisome |
| A fluid-filled organelle that isolates or disposes of waste, depris, or toxic materials. | Vacuole |
| Small, membrane-enclosed, saclike organelle; different kinds store, transport, or degrade their contents. | Vesicle |
| Organelle of phtosynthesis. | Chloroplast |
| Short, movable structure that projects from the plasma membrane of some eukaryotic cells. | Cilium |
| Dynamic framework of protein filaments that support, organize, and move eukaryotic cells and their internal structures. | Cytoskeleton |
| Cytoskeletal element that locks cells and tissues together. | Intermediate Filament |
| Reinforcing cytoskeletal element; fibor of actin subunits. | Microfilament |
| Cytoskeletal element involved in movement; hollow filament of tubulin subunits. | Microtubule |
| Type of energy-using protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements to move the cell's parts or the whole cell. | Motor Protein |
| Extendable lobe of membrane-enclosed cytoplasm. | Pseudopod |
| Cell junction that anchors cells to each other or to extracellular matrix. | Adhering Junction |
| Structure that connects a cell to another cell or extracellular matrix. | Extracellular Matrix (ECM) |
| Cell junction that gorms a channel across the plasma membranes of adjoining animal cells. | Gap Junction |
| Arrays of fibrous proteins; join epithelial cells and collectively prevent fluids from leaking between them. | Tight Junctions |
Created by:
SSalvage139
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