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ch 2 - chem. of life
vocabulary
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| bio- | living of the world | |
| ology | study of | |
| atom | basic unit of matter | |
| element | a pure substance that consist of one type of atom | |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements | |
| molecule | the smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms | |
| solute | substance that dissolved solvent to make a solution | |
| solvent | substance wich a solute is dissolved to form a solution | |
| organic molecule | a carbon containing molecule wich has carbon atoms joined to other carbon atoms they called biomolecule | |
| monomers | small molecules that joined together to form polymers | |
| polymers | a large molecules formed by joining many monomers | |
| biomolecule | organic molecules found in living things include proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates | |
| carbohydrates | chemical compounds made up of carbons hydrogen and oxygen that are used by living things as a main source of energy and for structural purposes | |
| sugar | simple name for carbohydrates | |
| starch | complex name for carbohydrates | |
| saccharide | scientific term for sugar | |
| lipids | made up of carbon, hydrogen,and oxygen use to store enregy | |
| nucleic acids | large molecules that contains carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and phosphorus find in DNA | |
| nucleotide | made up of 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base which chemically combine to form nucleic and nitrogen containing base wich chemically combine to form nucleic acids | |
| protein | large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,and nitrogen formed by joining monomers called amino acids | |
| amino acid | compounds with a carboxyl group COOHon one end and an amino group of NH2 monomers that chemically join to from proteins | |
| activation energy | energy needed to get a reaction started | |
| catalyst | subtances that speed up rate of a chemical reaction | |
| enzyme | proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reaction in cels by lowing the activation energy required for that reaction within the living organisms | |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme catalyzed reaction | |
| enzyme - substrate complex | formed when a substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme and break apart when the reaction is complete | |
| inhibitor | substance or condition that prevents or slow down a chemical reaction | |
| protein - different jobs | they control the rate of chemical reactions, regulate cell processes, help form tissues, bones and muscles, transport substances into and out of cell and help fight disease | |
| Carbon likes to share atoms with which elements? | SPONCH- Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen | |
| what does the prefix mono mean? | one | |
| What does the prefix poly mean | many | |
| What does micro mean? | small | |
| What does macro mean? | large | |
| What are the four macromolecules in Carbon compounds? | Carbohydrates, Protein, Nucleic, Acids, Lipids | |
| What elements make up carbohydrates? | Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (remember SPONCH) | |
| What is a main source of energy? | Carbohydrates | |
| What is the monomer in carbohydrates? | glucose | |
| What is the polymer of carbohydrates called? | starch (polysaccharide which means many sugars) | |
| Two examples of carbohydrates | fruit and bread | |
| What elements make up proteins? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen | |
| What are the functions of proteins? | regulating cell processes (hormones, bones and muscles, transportation, fighting infections (antibodies and ENZYMES | |
| Are enzymes used up in reactions? | NO | |
| Where do enzymes bind? | to the active site of a substrate | |
| Can enzymes operate under any temperature and any pH? | NO they can only operate at certain temperatures and pHs | |
| Competitive Inhibitor | molecule blocks the active site so the substrate cannot bind. | |
| Noncompetitive inhibitor | molecule alters the shape of the active site. Substrate cannot bind | |
| How do enzymes speed up reactions? | By lowering the activation energy | |
| What elements make up Nucleic Acids | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus | |
| What is the function of Nucleic Acids? | store and transmit genetic info. | |
| What is the monomer of nucleic acids? | nucleotide | |
| What is the polymer of nucleic acid? | nucleic Acid | |
| Two examples of Nucleotides and what their function is | DNA and RNA. They store genetic information. | |
| What elements make up lipids? | carbon and hydrogen | |
| What do lipids do? | they store energy, make up biological membranes and waterproof coverings | |
| Do lipids have monomers and polymers? | NO. They are made of glycerol and fatty acid | |
| Examples of lipids-3 | fats, oils, and waxes | |
| chemical formula for glucose? | C6H12O6 | |
| Examples of carbohydrates - names of types of sugar | glucose, fructose, galactose | |
| What do Carbohydrates end in? | all end in -ose | |
| What are examples of proteins? | meat, poultry, eggs, beans soy, nuts peanut butter, enzymes | |
| What is one of the most important biomolecules? | protein | |
| What element does proteins have that makes it different? | nitrogen | |
| What do proteins that are enzymes end in? | -ase | |
| What does DNA stand for? | deoxyribonucleic acid | |
| What does RNA stand for? | ribonucleic acid | |
| What element does nucleic acids have that make them different? | phosphorus | |
| Why aren't lipids polymers? | They are not polymers because they DO NOT DISSOLVE IN WATER | |
| What is the biomolecule that DOES not dissolve in water? | Lipids | |
| how many valence electrons does carbon have? | 4 |
Created by:
murphy1717
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