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Bio 1 Ch 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| FLUID MOSAIC MODEL of membrane structure - 2 components | 1. PHOSPHOLIPIDS arranged in a bilayer 2. GLOBULAR PROTEINS inserted in lipid bilayer |
| 4 components of cellular membranes | 1. Phospholipid bilayer 2. Transmembrane proteins 3. Interior protein network 4. Cell surface markers |
| layer that forms foundation of cell's membranes | phospholipids |
| Structure of phospholipid | Glycerol, 2 fatty acids attached to glycerol, phosphate group attached to glycerol |
| glycerol | 3-carbon polyalcohol acting as backbone for phospholipid. Part of structure of phospholipid |
| Fatty acids are hydrophobic or hydrophilic? | hydrophobic d/t nonpolar nature |
| phosphate group is hydrophilic or hydrophobic? | hydrophilic |
| fatty acids are nonpolar chains of ___ and ___ | carbon and hydrogen |
| What makes cell membrane more rigid? | cholesterol |
| What holds 2 phospholipid bilayers together? | Hydrogen bonding of water |
| Functions of membrane proteins | transporters, enzymes, cell surface receptors, cell surface identity markers, cell to cell adhesion proteins, attachments to cytoskeleton |
| 2 types of membrane proteins | 1. Peripheral membrane proteins 2. integral membrane proteins |
| Peripheral membrane proteins | anchored to phospholipid in 1 layer of membrane, possess nonpolar regions that are inserted in lipid bilayer, free to move throughout one layer of bilayer |
| Span the lipid bilayer | integral membrane proteins |
| nonpolar regions of the protein are embedded in interior of bilayer | transmembrane domain |
| region of protein containing hydrophobic amino acids | transmembrane domain |
| spans the lipid bilayer, usually alpha helices | transmembrane domain |
| Beta sheets in the protein secondary structure form cylinder called | Beta barrel |
| polar and allows water, small polar molecules to pass through membrane | beta barrel interior |
| cell membranes are ______ permeable | selectively |
| 2 types of transport mechanisms of cell membranes | 1. Passive transport 2. Active transport |
| movement of molecules through membrane in which no energy is required from cell | passive transport |
| requires energy expenditure by cell | active transport |
| difference between concentration on 1 side of membrane and that of other side | concentration gradient |
| in passive transport molecules move in response to a what? | concentration gradient |
| passive transport mechanisms only move substances.. | along concentration gradient |
| substances move from an area of ___ concentration to area of ___ concentration | high to low |
| 2 mechanisms of PASSIVE transport | 1. diffusion 2. osmosis |
| movement of SOLUTE MOLECULES from high concentration to low solute concentration | diffusion |
| movement of SOLVENT water from high concentration to low solvent concentration | osmosis |
| diffusion is movement of solvent or solute molecules from high-low concentration? | solute |
| 2 types of diffusion | simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion |
| diffusion where substances pass directly through cell membrane, cell membrane has limited permeability to small polar molecules, water and ions | simple diffusion |
| motion of water across the membrane | osmosis |
| type of diffusion where substances must pass through transport proteins to get to cell membrane | facilitated diffusion |
| movement of molecule from high-low concentration w/ help of carrier protein | facilitated diffusion |
| have a polar interior, allowing polar molecules to pass thru | channel proteins |
| bind to a specific molecule to facilitate passage | carrier proteins |
| allow passage of ions which are associated w/ water, part of channel proteins | ion channels |
| opened or closed in re: stimulus (chem or electrical), part of channel proteins | gated channels |
| concentration gradient of ions across membrane creates a.. | membrane potential |
| charge difference between 2 sides of membrane | membrane potential |
| bind to a specific molecule to facilitate passage | carrier proteins |
| type of diffusion.. is specific, passive, has a saturation point | facilitated diffusion |
| rate of facilitated diffusion depends on gradient until all protein carriers in use | saturation point |
| carrier protein carries only certain molecules/ions | specific |
| direction of net movement determined by relative concentrations on substances inside and outside cell | passive |
| osmosis moves water through ____ | aquaporins |
| movement of water from high to low concentration of water | osmosis |
| higher relative solute concentration | hypertonic |
| lower relative solute concentration | hypotonic |
| equal relative solute concentrations | isotonic |
| cells _____ in hypertonic solutions | crenate (shrink/shrivel) |
| cells _____ or _____ in hypotonic solutions | lyse or "pop" (swell) |
| method cells use to maintain osmotic balance - water ejected thru contractile vacuoles | extrusion |
| method cells use to maintain osmotic balance - involves keeping cells isotonic w/ their environment | isosmotic regulation |
| method plant cells use to push cell membrane against cell wall & keep cell rigid | turgor pressure |
| type of transport - requires energy - ATP used directly/indirectly | active transport |
| requires use of carrier proteins | active transport |
| able to move substances AGAINST concentration gradient from LOW to HIGH concen. | active transport |
| carrier protein, moves 1 molecule at a time | uniporters |
| carrier protein, move 2 molecules in same direction | symporters |
| carrier protein, move 2 molecules in opposite directions | antiporters |
| uses an antiporter to move 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell | Sodium-Potassium (Na+-K+) pump |
| Used by animal cells to maintain a high internal concentration of K+ ions and a low internal concentration of Na+ ions | Sodium-Potassium pump |
| uses energy released when a molecule moves by diffusion to supply energy to active transport of a different molecule | coupled transport |
| coupled transport uses a | symporter |
| movement of substances into cell | endocytosis |
| movement of materials out of cell | exocytosis |
| occurs when plasma membrane envelopes food particles & liquids | endocytosis |
| cell takes in particulate matter | phagocytosis |
| cell takes in only fluid | pinocytosis |
| specific molecules taken in after they bind to receptor | receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| occurs when material discharged from cell | exocytosis |
| vesicles in cytoplasm fuse w/ cell membrane & release contents to exterior of cell | exocytosis |
| used in plants to export cell wall material | exocytosis |
| used in animals to secrete hormones/neurotransmitters/digestive enzymes | exocytosis |
Created by:
ginaadkison
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