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Volcanoes
Lessons 2.16 and 2.17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aa lava | Hawaiian term; type of lava flow that has a jagged or rocky surface |
| andesite | an extrusive, usually dark-gray, fine-grained igneous rock composed of oligoclase or feldspar |
| andesitic | containing andesite, an extrusive, usually dark-gray, fine-grained igneous rock composed of oligoclase or feldspar |
| basalt | gray to black, dense igneous rock composed of plagioclase, augite, and magnetite |
| Basaltic | composed of, pertaining to, or having the characteristics of basalt |
| caldera | formed by collapse during an eruption, a large basin-shape volcanic depression many times greater in diameter than the vent or vents |
| fissure | fracture or crack in rock along which there is a distinct separation |
| fissure eruption | an eruption occurring along a narrow fissure instead of a central vent |
| lahar | a mudflow made up of ash and other volcanic debris on the slope of a volcano |
| lava | molten rock or magma that emerges onto the earth´s surface |
| magma | the molten or partly molten mixture of minerals, gases, and melted rock found below the earth´s surface |
| magma chamber | reservoir of magma in the shallow part of the lithosphere, ascended from a deeper source, from which volcanic materials are derived |
| mantle | that part of earth´s interior beneath the crust and above the core, divided into upper mantle and lower mantle |
| pahoehoe | Hawaiian term; type of basaltic lava flow with a smooth, billowy, or ropy surface |
| pyroclastic | formed by or involving fragmentation as a result of volcanic or igneous action |
| rhyolitic | containing rhyolite, a very acid volcanic rock, the lava form of granite |
| tephra | collective term for all pyroclastic material regardless of size, shape, or origin, ejected during an explosive volcanic eruption |
| viscosity | a measure of a fluid´s resistance to flow |
| volcanic neck | an isolated, steep remnant of lava that once occupied the vent of a volcano |
| volcano | vent in earth´s surface through which magma, gases, and ash erupt |
| andesite | an extrusive, usually dark-gray, fine-grained igneous rock composed of oligoclase or feldspar |
| basalt | gray to black, dense igneous rock composed of plagioclase, augite, and magnetite |
| convergent boundary | boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving toward each other, causing one to descend beneath the other; subduction zone |
| divergent boundary | boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other, and are delineated by mid-ocean ridges and spreading centers, where seafloor spreading occurs |
| hot spot | a hot place in the mantle where magma rises, often melting the crust above to form a volcano |
| mantle plume | rising mass of mantle abnormally hot or wet (or both); may lead to igneous activity |
| plate tectonics | the theory that earth´s surface consists of separate plates that move and interact, producing geologic features and events (for example, earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, and earth´s crust itself) |
| rhyolite | a very acid volcanic rock; the lava form of granite |
| rift | a place on earth´s crust where divergence occurs; a crack, fissure, or other opening in rock; a continental trough bounded by normal faults |
Created by:
cfox006
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