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Test 2 - Lymph
Lymph & Immune Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Once in the superior mesenteric vein, where do water soluble compounds go next? | Hepatic portal vein |
| A condition caused by the clogging of lymphatic vessels in which the extremities (usually lower) swell to gigantic proptios? | Elephantiasis |
| Once in the intestines, where do water soluble compounds go next? | Intestinal veins |
| Which class of antibodies stimulate complement? | IgG |
| Special proteins made by basophils and mast cells that timulate several immune responses? | Leukotrienes |
| Released from basophils and mast cells this compound causes many syptoms of inflammation? | Histamine |
| Specialized proteins found only on the surfaces of the cell membranes of various immune system cells known as "antigen presenting cells" that identify "self" from "non-self"? | MHC-II |
| Once in the superior mesenteric vein, where do water soluble compunds go next? | Hepatic portal vein |
| The reaction to poison ivy is a type of? | Delayed Hypersensitivity |
| Which of the tonsils tend to be the largest and most often infected? | Palatine |
| Another name for the pharyngeal tonsils is? | Adenoids |
| Compounds which are not antigenic by themselves, however, when combined with other proteins, become antigenic? | Hapten |
| Made by macrophages and lymphocytes, these proteins stimulate many Leukocyte immune responses? | Interleukins |
| Which class of antibodies are similar to B cell receptors that bind to antigens? | IgD |
| A type of cell that engulf foreign materials including Pathogens that cause disease are known as? | Phagocytes |
| Once through the sinusoids, where do water soluble compounds go next? | Central Veins |
| A general term for the sites for lymphocyte proliferation and maturation which are scattered throughtout the body? | Diffuse Lymphatic Tissues |
| An organelle that consists of an engulfed cell, virus, etc.? | Phagosome |
| For the immune system the urine is considered to be an "--------"? | External Barriers |
| A major lymphoid organ which tends to regress with age? | Thymus |
| Name the inner portion of the lymphoid follicle? | Germinal Centers |
| A fluid causing edema that contains cellular and microbial debris caused by inflammatory responses is known as? | Purulent or Supperative Exudate |
| The process by which a cell expelles the undigested remains from phagocytosis? | Exocytosis |
| The itching caused by histamine, etc. is called? | Pruritis |
| A process by which certain cells produce a large amount of highly reactive and toxic comounds. | Respiratory Burst |
| The "seek and destroy" leukocytes that target the antigen by "docking" with diseased cells and injecting lethal chemicals? | Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes |
| The major Lymphatic vessel draining the abdomen and throax is known as? | Thoracic Duct |
| The process by which a phagocyte engulfs particles such as cells, etc? | Phagocytosis |
| These specialized fatty acids cause pain associated with endometriosis? | Prostaglandins |
| Reactions to Penicillin can be deadly when the drug binds to certain proteins. In this instance, Penicillin is knwon as ? | Hapten |
| These cells come from B lymphocytes and produce antibodies that directly target specific antigens in case of subsequent exposure? | Plasma Cells |
| Which 3 compounds cause most of the pain during an inflammatory response? | Bradykinin, histamine, prostaglanadins |
| A type of resistance or immunity that your body mounts against a uniquely identified antigen? | specific of adaptive |
| The principle lymphoid organs of the body which filter lymph being returned to the blood? | Lymph Nodes |
| Once through the central veins, where do water soluble compounds go next? | Hepatic Veins |
| Compounds which become antigenic only when bound to certain proteins are known as? | Hapten |
| Reactions to MSG or Monosodium Glutamate can be deadly when the compound binds to certain proteins. In this instance, the MSG is known as? | Hapten |
| Specialized leukocytes that turn the immune system off from the specific threat? | Suppressor T Lymphocytes |
| What does a significant increase in vascular permeablility cause? | Edema |
| Give the names for the condition of having Pus? | Purulent or Supurative |
| What is the name for the tonsils that surround the opening of the pharyngotmpanic tube? | Tubal |
| For the immune system sloughed skin cells are considered to be an "---- -----"? | External Barriers |
| The body's response to cell/tissue damage is generally known as? | Inflammation |
| Fever is considered your body's "------" line of defense? | Second |
| Which class of antibodies cross the placenta to bring Mom's immunity to the fetus? | IgG |
| A self-destruct mechanism employed by infected or mutated cells? | Apoptosis |
| Once through the hepatic veins, where do water soluble compounds go next? | Inferior Vena Cava |
| An auto-immune disease in which antibodies are made against nucleic acids (DNA and/or RNA) thereby effecting several cell types? | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) |
| Any compound that causes a fever is known as a? | Pyrogen |
| Allergins cause mast cells to release "-----"? | Histamine |
| A raised rash caused histamine, etc. as seen in jellyfish stings? | Urticaria |
| This compound is released by basophils and mast cells and prevents blood from clotting? | Heparin |
| For the immune system mucus is considered to be an "-----"? | External Barriers |
| Transplant rejection is a type of ----- -----? | Delayed Hypersensitivity |
| This compound is produced by our own cells to fight microbes and is broken down by the enzyme catalase ----- ------? | Hydrogen Peroxide |
| Highly reactive, toxic compounds containing extra, unpaired electrons? | Free Radicals |
| For the immune system oil is considered to be an "----- ------- "? | External Barriers |
| Specialized proteins found on the surfaces of all nucleated cells, which identify "self" from "non-self"? | MHC-I |
| Which of the tonsils are located at the base of the tongue? | Lingual |
| A series of many proteins which destroy pathogens that are marked by antibodies? | Complement |
| For the immune system tears are considered to be an "----- -----" | External Barriers |
| An auto-immune disease in which antibodies are made against the myelin sheath? | Multiple Sclerosis |
| Other than heparin, this s produced by basophils this compound induces inflammation? | Bradykinin |
| A type of proteins that has anti-viral and anti-cancer effects? | Interferons |
| Which class of antibodies are found in secretions such as mucus? | IgA |
| A phagosomes that has fused with a lysosome is known as? | phagolysosome |
| A type of lymphocyte that destroy our cells that become cancerous or that contain viruses? | Natural Killer Cells |
| For the immune system sweat is considered to be an "---- -----"? | External Barriers |
| A condition that is described as your body's physiological response to cellular injury in which various leukocytes participate? | Inflammation |
| Which type of cells populate the inner portion of the lymphoid follicles? | B Lymphocytes |
| One of the more common free radicals, this one is particularly reactive? | Speroxide Radical |
| An auto-immune disease in which antibodies are made against the joint cartilage, etc.? | Rheumatois Arthritis |
| A disease in which antibodies made against the myeline sheath thereby destroying neurons? | Multiple Sclerosis |
| The fluid that causes edema is known as? | Exudate |
| These proteins specifically isolate and surrounds pathogens with a extravascular "clot"? | Clotting Proteins |
| A term that means "by way of mouth"? | Per os |
| The eventual symptom of myasthenia gravis is? | Flacid Paralysis |
| Increased Capillary Permeability causes "------" or swelling due to ? | Edema |
| Once absorbed by the intestinal veins, where do water soluble compounds go next? | Superior Mesenteric Vein |
| The potential problem with lipid (fat) soluble toxins if taken orally (per os) is that they "-----" the liver's detoxification process on the first pass? | Bypass |
| Inflammation and its cells are considered your body's "------" line of defense? | Second |
| Cell that partially digest antigens and place part of them on their cell membranes for identification by the rest of the immune system. In this function, these cells are known as? | Antigen-Presenting Cells (APC's) |
| Specialized enzymes produced by Natural Killer Cells that digest holes in cell membrans? | Perforins |
| An increase in the number of WBC's is known as? | Leukocytes |
| Drugs that inhibit Prostaglandin synthesis by stopping cyclooxygenase? | NSAIDS |
| These specialized fatty acids cause inflammation? | Prostaglandins |
| A viral disease that destroys helper T Cells causing the loss of immune system and death by opportunistic diseases that would NOT kill a patient with an intact immune system? | AIDS |
| A very fast, very severe reaction resulting in massive swelling, mucus production, bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, and possibly sudden death? | Anaphylaxis |
| A genetic condition in which childern are born with inherent susceptibility to diseases due to a non-functioning immune system? | Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease |
| Redness of inflamed areas due to vasodilation is known as? | Erythemia |
| Another name for nonspecific resistance is? | Innate Resistance |
| Allergiins causs which clls to produce histamine? | Mast |
| An increased blood flow to damaged area caused by vasodilation is? | Hyperemia |
| These specialized fatty acids cause pain associated with the menstrual cycle? | Prostaglandins |
| Lymphocytes with lysosmes that contain bacteria-killing enzyems whihc make highly reactive Free Radicals? | Neutrophils |
| The abbreviated name for a group of medications used to inhibit prostaglandins production? | NSAIDS |
| The part of an antigen that stimulates the immune response? | Antigenicn Determinant or Epitope |
| Substances that stimulate mast cells to produce histamine are known as ? | Allergins |
| Round nodules of lymphatic tissue within the lymph nodes? | Lymphoid Follicles |
| Specialized proteins found only on the surfaces of the cell membranes of various immune system cells known as "antigen presenting cells" that identify "self" from "non-self"? | MHC-II |
| Pathogens or any molecule that stimulates an immune response are called? | Antigen |
| Once in the intestine, where do water soluble compounds go next? | Intestinal Veins |
| Cellular and microbial debris caused by inflammatory responses is known as? | Pus |
| A type of resistance or immunity that your body mounts against any antigen or pathogen and does not mount a highly focused attack against a uniquely targets antigen or pathogen? | Nonspecific or innate |
| Drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen which can reduce the symptoms of inflammation are generally known as? | NSAIDS |
| Which class of antibodies are found in secretions such as milk? | IgA |
| Once in the thoracic duct, where do lipid (fat) soluble compounds go next (be specific)? | Left Subclavian Vein |
| Terms that indicate a condition of having a fever? | Febrile or Pyrexia |
| A tissue transplant between non-identical sibiling is known as? | Allograft or Homograft |
| The undigested remains from phagocytosis are located in an organelle known as? | Residual Body |
| What is a term that describes varipous forms of swelling? | Edema |
| Macrophages, reticular Cells, and Dendritic Cells partially digest antigens and place part of them on their cell membranes for identification by the rest of the immune system. In function, these cells are known as? | Antigen-Presenting cell (APC's) |
| Another name for the adenoids is? | Pharyngeal Tonsils |
| What is the standard emergency treatment for an anaphylaxtic reaction? | Epinephrine or adrenalin |
| The enzyme responsible for making prostaglandins? | Cyclooxygenase |
| These specialized fatty acids cause uterine contraction? | Prostaglandins |
| Which class of antibodies are found in tonsils, skin, and mucus membranes, and cause basophils and mast cells to release histamine? | IgE |
| A type of resistance or immunity that you acquire after you are born? | Specific or adaptive |
| These prevent lysosomes of WBC's from releasing enzymes? | SAID's |
| Substances such as pollen, dander, food, which cause plasma cells to produce IgE's are known as? | Allergins |
| What happens to water soluble compounds as they percholate through the liver's sinusoids? | Detoxification |
| The "digestive system" of a cell is an organelle known as? | Lysosome |
| These specialized fatty acids cause pain associated with ovulation? | Prostaglandins |
| Specific compounds released by Cytotoxic T cells that destroy the target cell's DNA? | Lymphotoxin |
| Lymphoid tissue that is found in the oval cavity, at the base of the tongue, and on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx? | Tonsils |
| A general class of proteins that regulate immune responses? | Cytokines |
| Lymphatic tissue found in the wall of the intestines? | Peyer's Patches |
| Once in the hepatic portal vein, where do water soluble compounds percholate through the detoxification process? | Sinusoids |
| An enzyme that breaks down the superoxide radical? | Superoxide Dismutase |
| Which of the tonsils are located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx? | Pharyngeal or Adenoids |
| A disease in which antibodies made against DNA and/or RNA causing a wide variety of effects in many cell types? | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) |
| An enzyme found in mucus, tears and saliva that kills bacteria? | Lysozyme |
| Once in the lacteals, where do lipid (fat ) soluble com[pounds go next? | Thoracic Duct |
| Which of the organs is both a major site for lymphcyte proliferation as well as the major site for removal of dead or dying erythrocytes? | Spleen |
| Which class of antibodiesare found in secretions such as saliva? | IgG |
| Once activated by the helper cell, the B cell matures into a Plasma Cell? | B Lymphocyte |
| Once in the intestines, where do lipid (fat) soluble compound go next? | Lacteals |
| Specialized leukocytes that keep the immune system "fired-up" or activated as long as the specific threat remains? | Inducer T Lymphocytes |
| A type of resistance or immunity that you are born with is known as? | Nonspecific or innate |
| How much of the extracellular matrix fluid is returned to the general circulatory system by the lymphatic system? | 10% |
| Specialized leukocytes that communicate with B lymphocytes? | Helper T Lymphocytes |
| What do plasma cells produce? | Antibodies |
| These cells "remember" the identification of the antigen in case of future exposures so the next time will be a much, much faster response often even before the patient feels sicks? | Memory Cells |
| Proteins produced by plasma cells, are produced to mark specific foreign proteins for destruction by the immune system? | Antibodies |
| Your body's external barriers are its "-----" line of defense? | First |
| These specialized fatty acids cause pain associated with headaches? | Prostaglandins |
| A specific compound that is released by Cytotoxic T cells that destroys cancer cells is called? | Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) |
| These are released from Cytotoxic T cells and works against virues? | Interferon |
| A type of allergic reaction occuring approximately 12-72 hrs after exposure is called? | Delayed Hypersensitivity |
| A disease in which antibodies made agaisnt the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction? | Myasthenia Gravis |
| The production of antibodies is referred to as the? | Humoral Immune Response |
| Proteins that are embedded in cell membranes to present antigens to the immune system to be destroyed are known as? | Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) |
| Another name for innate resistance is? | Nonspecific |
| These are the very first antibodies produced and will be replaced by the IgG's? | IgM |
| A tissue transplant within same individual is known as? | Autograft or Autotransplant |
| These specialized fatty acids are involved in blood clotting? | Prostaglandins |
| From Mom's milk, this class of antibodies keep pathogens from getting into the baby's intestinal linings? | IgA |
| For the immune system the skin is considered to be an "---- ----? | External Barriers |
| For the immune system the saliva is conidered to be an "----- ----"? | External Barriers |
| A tissue trasnplant to members of the same species? | Allograft or Homograft |
| A tissue transplant between identical twins is known as? | Isograft |
| Which class of antibodies are the most abundant abtibodies? | IgG |
| A structure rich in lymphatic tissue, that is attached to the beginning of colon (large intestine)? | Vermiform Appendix |
| Drugs that cause vascoconstriction allowing lymphatic drainage to reduce swelling of tissues? | Decongestants |
| What compound, produced by neutrophjils and macrophages, causes fever? | Interleukin-1 |
| A tissue transplant to a different species is known as? | Xenograft or Heterograft |
| Which type of cell populate the outer portion of the lymphoid follicles? | T Lymphocytes |
| Which class of antibodies are found in secretions such as tears? | IgA |
| A harmful immune reaction to antigens that usually do not cause this type of reaction is known as? | Hypersensitivity |
| The body's first line of defense are known as the? | External Barriers |
| For the immune system the wax is considered to be an "----- -----"? | External Barriers |
| These apecialized fatty acids cause vasodilation? | Prostaglandins |
| The most common chronic illness of children is? | Asthma |
| The transplanting of a pig heart vlave into a human is known as ? | Xenograft or Heterograft |
| An auto-immune disease in which the acetylcholine receptors are destroyed in the skeletal muscles? | Myasthenia Gravis |
| A specific type of leukocyte that takes the identiy of the antigens FROM THE APC's and present this to the rest of the immune system? | Helper T Lymphocytes |
| B Lymphocytes mature to become which cells? | Plasma Cells |
| A genetic condition in which children are born with supopressed immune system? | Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease |
| A general term for the sites for lymphocyte proliferation and maturation is? | Lymphoid Tissues |
| Proteins that mark your cells as "freindly" to prevent your immune system from attacking them are known as? | Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) |
| Which of the tonsils are located on either side of the posterior oral cavity? | Palatine |
| Two enyzmes which break hydrogen peroxide down into water and oxygen? | Peroxidase and Catalase |
| Once in the superior mesentric vein, where do water soluble compounds go next? | Hepatic portal vein |
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