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Anatomy Chapter4 LCM
Tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epithelial Tissue | Covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts. It also forms glands |
| Connective Tissue | Protects and supports the body and its organs. Various types of connective issue bind organs together, store energy reserves as fat, and help provide immunity to disease-causing organisms |
| Muscular Tissue | generates the physical force needed to make body structures move |
| Nervous Tissue | detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body and responds by generating action potentions that help maintain homeostasis |
| Cell Junction | Contact points between the plasma membranes of tissue cells. |
| 5 Most important types of cell junctions | 1) tight junction 2) adherens junctions 3) desmosomes 4) hemidesmosomes 5) gap junctions |
| Tight Junction | consist of weblike strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes together |
| Adheren Junctions | contain Plaque- which is located on the inside of the plasma membrane and attaches to both membrane proteins and to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton- and cadherins- a glycoprotein that joins cells. |
| Adhesion Belt | Adheron Junctions in epithelial cells which form extensive zones resembling a belt |
| Desmosomes | similar to Adheron junctions but the plaque does not connect to microfilaments but rather to other elements of the cytoskeleton. |
| Hemidesmosomes | resembles desmosomes but they do not link adjacent cells. The transmembrane glycoproteins in hemidesmosomes are integrins not cadherins and they attach to the protein laminin which is present in the basement membrane (not to cells) |
| Gap Junctions | membrnae proteins called connexins form tiny fluid filled tunnels called connexons that connect to neighboring cells allowing small molecules to diffuse from one cell to another. The cells are not fused together as in tight junctions |
| Apical Surface of an Epithelial cell faces... | The body surface, a body cavity, the lumen (interior space) of an internal organ, or a tubular duct that receives cell secretions. |
| Basement membrane | a thin extracellular layer that commonly consists of the basal lamina (secreted by epithelial cells) and reticular laminal (which contains fibrous proteins produced by the connective tissue cells; fibroblasts) |
| Simple Epithelium Functions... | diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, and absorption. |
| Stratified Epithelium Functions... | to protect the underlying tissues in location where there is a lot of wear and tear. |
| Simple Squamous Epithelium is Located... | blood vessels, lines the heart, lymphatic vessels, air sacs of lungs, glomerular capsule of kidneys, and inner surface of the tympanic membrane (eardrum); forms epithelial layer of serous membranes such as peritoneum, |
| Simple Squamous Epithelium Functions... | Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and secretion in serous membranes. |
| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium is Located... | covers surface of the ovary, lines anterior surface of capsule in lens of the eye, forms the pigmented epithelium in posterior surface of eye, lines kidney tubules and similar ducts of many glands, and makes up secreting portion and ducts (some glands) |
| NonCiliated Simple Columnar Epithelium Location: | lines the gastrointestinal tract, ducts of many glands, and gallbladder |
| NonCiliated Simple Columnar Epithelium Function... | secretion and absorption |
| Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium Location: | lines a few portions of the upper respiratory tract, uterine tubes, uterus, some paranasal sinuses, central canal of spinal cord, and ventricles of the brain. |
| Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium Function: | Moves mucus and other substances by ciliary action |
| Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium Location: | lines the airways of most of the upper respiratory tract. |
| Pseudostratified NonCiliated Columnar Epithelium Location: | lines larger ducts of many glands, epididymis, and part of the male urethra. |
| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Functions... | in secretin and movement of mucus by ciliary action. |
| Stratified Keratinized Squamous Epithelium is Found... | Superficial Layer of Skin |
| Stratified Non-Keratinized Squamous Epithelium is Found... | lines wet surfaces such as lining of the mouth, esophegus, part of epiglottis, part of pharynx, vagina and covers the tongue. |
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium is Functinos... | to protect |
| Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium is Found... | ducts of adult sweat glands and esophageal glands and part of the male urethra |
| Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Functions | Protection and limited secretion and absorption |
| Stratified Columnar Epithelium is Found... | Lines part of the urethra, large excretory ducts of some glands, such as the esophageal glands, small areas in the anal mucous membrane and part of the conjunctiva of the eye |
| Stratified Columnar Epithelium Functions | Protection and secretion |
| Transitional Epithelium is Found | lining the urinary bladder and portions of the ureters and urethra. |
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