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chapter 3 science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem | abiotic factor |
| organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer | autotroph |
| process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another | biogeochemical cycle |
| total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level | biomass |
| a group of ecosystems that share a similar climate and typical organisms | biome |
| part of earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere | biosphere |
| any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact | biotic factor |
| organism that obtains energy by eating animals | carnivore |
| process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates | chemosynthesis |
| assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area | community |
| organism that relies on another organisms for its energy and food supply; also called heterotroph | consumer |
| organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter | decomposer |
| process by which soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas | denitrification |
| organism that feeds on plants and animals remains and other dead matter | detritivore |
| illustration of the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web | ecological pyramid |
| scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment | ecology |
| all the organisms that live in a place, together with their nonliving environment | ecosystem |
| a series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten | food chain |
| network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem | food web |
| organism that obtains energy by eating only plants | herbivore |
| organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called consumer | heterotroph |
| single essential nutrient that limits productivity in an ecosystem | limiting nutrient |
| process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use | nitrogen fixation |
| chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life | nutrient |
| organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals | omnivores |
| process used by autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugar and starches | photosynthesis |
| photosynthetic algae found near the surface of the ocean | phytoplankton |
| group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area | population |
| first producer of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms | primary producer |
| animal that consumes the carcasses of other animals | scavenger |
| a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offsprings | species |
| each step in a food chain or food web | trophic level |
| small free-floating animals that form part of plankton | zooplankton |
Created by:
gina_poynter
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