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biology
test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anything that takes up space and has mass | matter |
| Two or more atoms with th esame atomic number but different atomic mass due to number of neutrons | isotpope |
| substance or group of substances that tend to resist ph changes of a solution thus stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity | buffer |
| type of covalent bond that joins two amino acids | peptide bond |
| substance that cannot be broken down into substances with different properties composed of only one type of atom | element |
| mass of an atom equal to thte number of protons plus the number of neutrons with the nucleus | atomic mass |
| weak bond that arises between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of another or between parts of the same molecule | hydrogen bond |
| organic molecule having an amino acid group and an acid group which covalently bonds to produce peptide molecules | amino acid |
| number of protons within the nucleus of an atom | atomic number |
| union of two or more atoms of the same element also the smallest part of a compound | molecule |
| charge particle that carry a positive or negative charge | ion |
| mass number | sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| chemical bond in which ions are attached | ionic bond |
| a substance that has a molecular structure from a large number of similar units bonded together | polymer |
| distiguish between atoms an elements | element is the basic building blocks of matter, atom is the smallest unit of an element |
| three isotopes in medicine and biology | carbon, carbon14, radioisotope |
| distinguish between ionic and covalent bonding | in covalent bonding atoms share electrons,and ionic bonding ions are attracted to one another by opposites charges |
| properties of water | liquid at room temperature, temperature of liquid rises and falls slowly, water has a high heat vaporiaztion keeping the body from overheating,fresh water is less dense than liquid water,water is cohesive,water is a solvent |
| the role of carbohydrates in in human physiology | quick and short-term energy storage |
| compare the structures of simple and complex carbohydrates | simple is made up of one ring and complex is made up of many rings |
| classes of lipids and their function | fats -long term energy storage,insulation, cushion for organs. steriods |
| structure of an amino acid | amino group, an acid group and an r group |
| how amino acids are combined to form proteins | macromolecules with amino acid subunits |
| difference between dna and rna | dna has deoxyribose and rna has ribose. rna has uracil dna is double stranded and rna is single stranded |
| what is the roll of atp in cellular reaction | is the energy carrier in cells |
| the role of carbohydrates in in human physiology | quick and short-term energy storage |
| compare the structures of simple and complex carbohydrates | simple is made up of one ring and complex is made up of many rings |
| classes of lipids and their function | fats -long term energy storage,insulation, cushion for organs. steriods |
| structure of an amino acid | amino group, an acid group and an r group |
| how amino acids are combined to form proteins | macromolecules with amino acid subunits |
| difference between dna and rna | dna has deoxyribose and rna has ribose. rna has uracil dna is double stranded and rna is single stranded |
| what is the roll of atp in cellular reaction | is the energy carrier in cells |
| smallest unit that displays properties of life | cell |
| slender long extension that propels a cell through a fluid medium | flagella |
| movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher to lower concentration, and it requires no energy | diffusion |
| diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | osmosis |
| osmolarity of a solution compound with that of a cell | tonicity |
| transport molecules or cells into the cell via invaginationof the plasma membrane to form a vesicle | endocytosis |
| transport molecules outside the cell via fusion or vesicle with the plasma membrane | exocytosis |
| use of plasma membrane carrier protein and energy to move a substance into or out of a cell from lower to higher concentration | active transport |
| short hairlike projection from the plasma membrane occurring ususally in large numbers | cillia |
| slender long extension that propels a cell through a fluid medium | flagella |
| opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of proteins into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits of a nucleus | nuclear pores |
| metabolic reaction that uses the energy primarily from carbohydratess but also from fatty acid or amino acid breakdown to produce atp molecules | cellular respiration |
| 3 statements that make up cell theory | basic unit of life, all living things are made up of cells, new cells arise from pre-existing ones |
| what are plasma membrane made up of | phospholipid bilayers |
| what does selectively permeable mean | allows certain molecules but not others to enter the cell |
| how is phospholipid bilayer arrange regarding polar and nonpolar | polar phosphate molecules form the top and bottom sufaces and nonpolar lipid lies in between |
| list the components of the endomembrane and their functions | er, golgia apparatus,lysomes vesicle. lysomes contain digestinve enzymes that break down cell parts. golgi-modifies lipids and proteins from the er,sorts and packages them |
| what is the structure and function of the nucleus | spherical shape organell.. stores dna produce ribosomes and controls cell activity |
| what is the function of the cystoskeleton and list three fibers | maintain cell shape and anchors or moves organelles in a cell.. microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate fillaments |
| list three cell junctions and their functions | adhesion-mechanically attach adjacent cells,gap-serve as communication portals between cells, tight-form barriers with external environment |
| what is mitochondria | powerhouse of cells |
| group of similar cells that perform a common function | tissue |
| organ system consisting of skin and various organs, such as hair found in skin | integuementary system |
| maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism by means of self regulating mechanisms | homeostasis |
| combination of two or more different tissues performing a common function | organ |
| melanin producing cell found in skin | melanocytes |
| group of related organs working together | organ system |
| region that holds adjacent cardiac mucschles cells together, disks appear as dense bands at right angles to the muscle striations | intercalated disk |
| mechanism of homeostatic response in which a stimulus intitiates reactions that reduce the stimulus | negative feedback |
| 4 major types of tissue | connective, muscular, nervous,epithelial |
| 3 main types of connective tissue | fibrous,dense fibrous, specialized |
| 3 types of cartilages and where they are found | hyaline- found in the nose,ends of long bones and the ribs. elastic-found in the outer ear. fibrocartilage-found in structures that withstand tension and pressure vertebrae,backbone and cusions in knee joints |
| name 3 formed element of blood and describe their function | red blood cell-transport oxygen. whiteblood cells-fight infectious disease. platelets-help blood clots |
| describe two types of bone | compact bone-makes up the shaft of a long bone spongy bone-open latticework with irregular spaces |
| 3 types of mucscle tissue and state their location and nature | skeletal-attached to bone or movement and voluntary movement. smooth-walls of hollow organs and vessels and involuntary. cardiac-heart and involuntary |
| how do we name epithelial tissue | number of cells, shape of cell, |
| what are the functions of the integumentary system | protects the body, receives sensory input, helps control temperature, and synthesizes vitamin d |
| 4 types of membranes and state the surface or body cavities they cover | mucous-ventral cavity, serous-thoracic cavity,synovial-joint, meninges- dorsal cavities |
Created by:
stevestephens
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