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Physical Geography 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | gases essential to live -composed of nitrogen and oxygen |
| Lithosphere | (earths crust) solid, rocks and minerals |
| Whats Geography? | -an ancient inter-disciplinary study. -study spatial patterns on earths surface, physical aspect of earth (including temp) |
| What do most Geographers refer to themselves as? | physical or human |
| Physical Geographer | climatology, hazards, geomorphology, soils, etc |
| Human Geographer | regional development, economy, political geography, etc. |
| Biosphere | plants and animals (where we live) |
| Hydrosphere | water |
| earth-sun relationship | energy that flows from the earth and the sun |
| which sub-disciplines of geography use spatial analysis? | climatology, geomorphology, soils, meteorology, geology, biogeography, ecology, hydrology (ALL OF THEM) |
| Big misconception of geography? | not just places and locations |
| great circles | N&S direction, converge at the poles -longitude/meridian lines |
| small circles | N&S of the equator have smaller diameters, always parallel -latitude/parallel lines tropic of cancer,tropic of capricorn |
| latitude zones | arctic, sub-tropic, mid-latitude (35N/S-55N/S) sub-latitude (25N/S-30N/S) |
| Maps | basic tool of geographer |
| Cartography | (study of map making) focus on ways to display spatial information so it can be used and understood efficiently |
| Map distortion | distort shape, distance, area, direction, etc. |
| Globe | most accurate (least distorted) |
| Conformal | distorts area, maintain shape; right angles at each line of latitude -maintains correct shape of earths features, but distorts relative size |
| Equivalent | accuratly portrays size features throughout map |
| Map Scale | relates to size and distance between features on a map to actual features in the real world |
| Large Scale Map | shows smaller area in greater detail |
| Small Scale Map | shows larger area in little detail |
| Isoline Maps | lines connection point of equal value on a map |
| Isobars | point of equal atmospheric pressure |
| Isotherms | point of equal air temprature |
| Isohyets | point of equal parcipitation amounts |
| Isopachs | point of equal sedimentary thickness |
| Contours | point of equal elevation -the closer the spacing of contour lines, the steeper the slope |
| Sun-synchronus Orbit | keeps pace with the sun (West to East) |
| Geostational Orbit | permanatley remains in one place above earth, directly above the equator |
| Geographic Information System (GIS) | used for storing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data used for: road work, delivery routes, mail, school busing, traffic, etc. |
| Sun Energy | earth receives 50% of one billionth of the suns energy |
| Milky Way Galaxy | the spiral collection of stars that include our solar system |
| Temperture of the sun | 6,000 degrees celcius |
| Sub-solar Point | suns rays are perpindicular to earths surface (moves with seasons) |
| Perihelion | winter, point of orbit closest to the sun |
| Alpihelion | summer, point of orbit farthest from the sun |
| Circle of Illumination | boundary between day and night |
| Time Zones | -24 time zones -15 degrees inbetween each longitude of time zone |
| Why are there seasons? | due to earths tilt with respect to the sun, and the plane of ecliptic |
| Equinox | subsolar point at equator (SPRING AND FALL) |
| Solstice | subsolar point at tropic of cancer (SUMMER) subsolar point of tropic of capricorn (WINTER) |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | entire wavelength range of electromagnetic energy |
| Shortwave | sun gives off -emitted by hot objects ex/gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, etc. |
| Longwave | earth gives off -emitted by cooler object ex/thermal infrared part of spectrum |
| Constant Gas | nitrogen, oxygen, and argon |
| Variable Gas | differ in proportion over time and space -make up less than 1% water vapor, ozone |
| Green House Effect | counter radiation is reflected back onto earths surface |
| Ozone | occurs in 2 layers; stratosphere-UV absorbing layer ground level-pollution forms when gaseous chemicals react in upper atmosphere |
| Particulates | needed for rain and cloud formation -liquid form: clouds and rain -solid form: snow, hail, pollutants, soil (dust), smoke, ash, pollen, salt spray |
| Radiation | creation and emission of electromagnetic waves |
| Conduction | involves diffusion of heat through contact |
| Convection | involves upward movement of heat, cold to the bottom, heat to the top |
| Direct Radiation | uninterrupted flow of incoming radiation that reach earth; amount to 25% -remaining 75% absorbed or redirected |
| Indirect Radiation | redirected downward toward surface |
| Troposphere | closest to earths surface heated by longwave radiation; produced by earth |
| Stratosphere | second closest to earth ozone layer |
| Mesosphere | third closest to earths surface Meteor location |
| Thermosphere | farthest from earths surface heated by the sun |
| Global Radiation Budget | balance between incoming (shortwave) radiation and outgoing (longwave) radiation |
| Net Radiation | differance between incoming and outgoing radiation values |
| Albedo | amount of reflection a given surface can course |
| Mercator Projection | corrects relative shape of landmasses -distorts poles -lines of latitude at right angles |
| Albers Equal Area | corrects the relative area of landmasses -distorts shape of landmasses near poles and equator -lines of latitude and longitude are curved |
| Spatial Analysis | attempts to explain patterns or distributions of specific variables over physical space |
| Physical Geography Process | refers to series of actions that can be measured and can produce predictable end result |
| Longitude Referance Point | greenwhich, England |
| Remote Sensing | measure property of enviroment withouth direct contact (aerial photos) |
| Earths Orbit around the sun | counter clockwise |
| Solar Noon | suns highest position |
| Celestial Dome | shows suns daily arc and seasonal migration relative to earths surface |
| Counterradiation | atomosphere redirects some longwave energy back to surface |
| Sensible Heat | can be sensed and measured |
| Latent Heat | is hidden and cannot be measured |
Created by:
nicolepapageorge
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