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Chapter 2 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ATOM | basic unit of matter |
| NUCLEUS | the center of an atom which contains the protons and neutrons |
| ELECTRON | negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus |
| element | substance coonsisting entirely of one type of atom |
| isotopes | atom of a different element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combinations of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| ionic bond | bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred between one atom and another |
| ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| covalent bond | bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
| molecule | smallest unit of most compounds |
| Van der Waals forces | intermollecular forces of attraction |
| Cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| Adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substance |
| Mixture | Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are PHYSICALLY mixed together |
| Solution | mixture of 2 or more substances in which the molecules of each substance are evenly distributed |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in a solvent to create a solution |
| solvent | substance in which a solute is dissolved in to create a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved materials |
| pH scale | measurement systems used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution that ranges from 0-14 |
| acid | compound that forms ions in solution |
| base | compound that produces hydrogen ions in solution |
| buffer | weak acid or base |
| monomer | small unit that can join together with other small units to create a polymer |
| polymer | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| carbohydrate | compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms |
| monosaccharide | single sugar molecule |
| polysaccharide | large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides |
| lipid | macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms, includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| nucleic acid | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus. Made up of nucleotides |
| nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and nitrogenous base |
| ribonucleic acid | single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribosome |
| DEOXIRIBONUCLEIC ACID | nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose |
| protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nirogen. Needed by the body to repair and grow and also to make enzymes |
| amino acid | compound with an amino group one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
| CHEMICAL REACTION | PROCESS THAT CHANGES ONE set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| reactant | element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction |
| product | element or compound produced in chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| ENZYME | protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
Created by:
ElizabethRose07
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