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Ch 2,3,4 vocab
Science Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Polar | A molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends. |
| Cohesion | Attraction between particles of the same substance. |
| adhesion | Attraction between two different substances. |
| Hydrogen bond | When a hydrogen molecule bonds with another molecule |
| Hydroxide ion | An OH- particle that lost a proton. |
| Hydronium ion | H3O |
| Acid | When the number of hydronium ions in a solution is greater than the number of hydroxide ions. |
| Base | When the number of hydroxide ions is greater than the number of hydrogen ions. |
| Ph Scale | The scale that tells the acidity of a solution. |
| Buffer | Chemical substances that nuetralize small amounts of acids or bases in a solution. |
| Organic Compound | Organisms made primarily of carbon. |
| Monomer | Molecules that organic compounds are made from. |
| Polymer | A molecule that is made of repeated chained links. |
| Condensation Reaction | When monomers link to form polymers. |
| ATP | A compound called adenosine triposphate |
| Carbohydrate | Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| Monosaccharide | A monomer of a carbohydrate. |
| Disaccharide | Two monosaccharides that combined in a condensation reaction to form a double sugar. |
| Polysaccharide | A complex molecule of three or more monosaccharides. |
| Protein | Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. |
| Amino Acid | Proteins formed from the linkage of monomers. |
| Peptide Bond | When two amino acids form a covalent bond. |
| Polypeptide | Long chains of amino acids. |
| Enzymes | Protein molecules that act as biological catalysts. |
| Substrate | The reactant being catalyzed. |
| Active Site | Folds in an enzyme. |
| Lipid | Large, non polar, organic molecules that don't dissolve in water. |
| Steroid | Four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them. |
| Nucleic Acid | Organic molecules that store and transfer information throughout the cell. |
| Nucleotide | A phosphate sugar, five-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous group. |
| Cell | The smallest unit that can perform all aspects to support life. |
| Cytoplasm | A region of a cell that includes the fluid and cytoskeleton. |
| Cytosol | A part of the cytoplasm that contains the ribosomes. |
| Prokaryote | Organisms that don't have a membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bouund organelles. |
| Eukaryote | Organisms made up of one or more cells with a nucleus andmembrane-bouund organelles. |
| Organelle | Intracellular bodies that perform specific duties in a cell. |
| Cytoskelelton | A network of thin tube that crisscross over the cytosol. |
| Microtubule | Hollow tubes made up of protein called tublin. |
| Microfilament | Long threads of protein actin that strand together like a rope to help the cell move. |
| Cilium | A short, hairlike structure that assist the cell with movement. |
| Flagellum | A hairlike structure that assist the cell with movement. |
| Plastid | Organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane and have their own DNA. |