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Ch 2,3,4 vocab

Science Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Polar A molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends.
Cohesion Attraction between particles of the same substance.
adhesion Attraction between two different substances.
Hydrogen bond When a hydrogen molecule bonds with another molecule
Hydroxide ion An OH- particle that lost a proton.
Hydronium ion H3O
Acid When the number of hydronium ions in a solution is greater than the number of hydroxide ions.
Base When the number of hydroxide ions is greater than the number of hydrogen ions.
Ph Scale The scale that tells the acidity of a solution.
Buffer Chemical substances that nuetralize small amounts of acids or bases in a solution.
Organic Compound Organisms made primarily of carbon.
Monomer Molecules that organic compounds are made from.
Polymer A molecule that is made of repeated chained links.
Condensation Reaction When monomers link to form polymers.
ATP A compound called adenosine triposphate
Carbohydrate Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Monosaccharide A monomer of a carbohydrate.
Disaccharide Two monosaccharides that combined in a condensation reaction to form a double sugar.
Polysaccharide A complex molecule of three or more monosaccharides.
Protein Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Amino Acid Proteins formed from the linkage of monomers.
Peptide Bond When two amino acids form a covalent bond.
Polypeptide Long chains of amino acids.
Enzymes Protein molecules that act as biological catalysts.
Substrate The reactant being catalyzed.
Active Site Folds in an enzyme.
Lipid Large, non polar, organic molecules that don't dissolve in water.
Steroid Four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them.
Nucleic Acid Organic molecules that store and transfer information throughout the cell.
Nucleotide A phosphate sugar, five-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous group.
Cell The smallest unit that can perform all aspects to support life.
Cytoplasm A region of a cell that includes the fluid and cytoskeleton.
Cytosol A part of the cytoplasm that contains the ribosomes.
Prokaryote Organisms that don't have a membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bouund organelles.
Eukaryote Organisms made up of one or more cells with a nucleus andmembrane-bouund organelles.
Organelle Intracellular bodies that perform specific duties in a cell.
Cytoskelelton A network of thin tube that crisscross over the cytosol.
Microtubule Hollow tubes made up of protein called tublin.
Microfilament Long threads of protein actin that strand together like a rope to help the cell move.
Cilium A short, hairlike structure that assist the cell with movement.
Flagellum A hairlike structure that assist the cell with movement.
Plastid Organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane and have their own DNA.
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