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Chapter3Biology
Communities, Biomes and Ecosystems TEST Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Largest living structure on earth, located off the coast of NE Australia, and is visible from space | Great barrier reef |
| ___ located where the Indian and Pacific oceans meet are the most diverse of their kind; having as many as 700 species living together | Coral reefs |
| Among other duties, might tag and track animals in a community to understand the biotic and abiotic factors of the community and help explain changes that take place | Conservation biologist |
| Nonliving part of an organism's environment | Abiotic factor |
| ALL living organisms are limited by ___ in the environment | Factors |
| A group of interacting populations found within the same place at the same time | Community |
| Any factor that restricts the numbers, reproduction or distribution of organisms | Limiting factor |
| Ability of any organism to survive when subjected to a certain factor or factors | Tolerance |
| The edges of an organism's tolerance limits are called zones of ___ | Physiological stress |
| The zone located in the spectrum of tolerance where an organism can function at it's most efficient or where a population thrives | Optimum zone |
| First in rank, importance, value or order | Primary |
| The formation of ___ is the first step in primary succession | Soil |
| The change in an ecosystem that occurs when one community replaces another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors | Ecological succession |
| Occurs very slowly due to the time it takes for soil to form | Primary succession |
| Orderly, predictable change that takes place after a community of organisms has been removed bu the soil has remained intact | Secondary succession |
| Stable, mature community that results when there is little change in the composition of species after succession has taken place | Climax community |
| After a forest fire, a forest might appear devastated. However, a series of changes ultimately leads back to a mature community in a relatively short period of time assuming soil remains. This is an example of ___ | Secondary succession |
| Large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of plant communities | Biomes |
| Condition of the atmosphere at a given point and time | Weather |
| Ecosystems on land are grouped into biomes primarily based on ___ communities within them | Plant |
| Earth's climate is determined largely bu unequal amounts of ___ that different areas receive | Solar radiation |
| Distance of any point on the surface of the earth N or S of the equator | Latitude |
| Temp. and ___ are two major factors that influence the kind of vegetation that can exist in an area | Precipitation |
| Average weather conditions in an area which includes temp. and precip. | Climate |
| Earth's surface is warmed by the ___ effect | Greenhouse |
| ___ carry warm water toward the poles | Ocean currents |
| The measured increase of ___ in the atmosphere is mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels | Carbon dioxide |
| The ___ is a protective layer int the atmosphere that absorbs most of the harmful UV radiation from the sun. | Ozone layer |
| ___ are created from temperature imbalances and distinct global systems transport cold air to warm areas and vice versa | Winds |
| Treeless biome with a layer of permanently frozen soil beneath the surface | Tundra |
| South of the polar ice caps in the northern hemisphere | Tundra |
| Broad band of dense evergreen forest bordering the tundra | Boreal forest |
| Northern part of North America, Europe and Asia | Boreal forest |
| Composed mostly of broad-leaved, deciduous trees that shed their leaves in autumn | Temperate forest |
| Well-defined seasons, summers are hot and winters are cold | Temperate forest |
| Open areas of trees and mixed shrub communities found in areas with less annual rainfall than in temperate forests | Temperate woodlands |
| Summers are very hot and dry whereas winters are cool and wet | Temperate woodlands |
| Characterized by fertile soils that are able to support a thick cover of grasses | Temperate grasslands |
| Summers are hot, winters are cold, moderate rainfall and fires are possible | Temperate grasslands |
| Exist on every continent except Europe | Deserts |
| Area in which annual rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of precipitation | Desert |
| Characterized by grasses, scattered trees, and climates that receive less precipitation than some other tropical areas | Tropical savanna |
| Definite rainy season and definite dry season | Tropical savanna |
| Also called tropical dry forests | Tropical seasonal forests |
| Resemble temperate deciduous forest because during the dry season, almost all of the trees drop their leaves to conserve water | Tropical seasonal forests |
| Warm temperatures and large amounts of rainfall throughout the year | Tropical rain forest |
| Humid all year, hot and wet | Tropical rain forest |
| With increasing elevation, abiotic conditions such as temperature and precipitation vary greatly | Mountains |
| May exhibit a variety of different 'biomes' in accordance with changing elevations | Mountains |
| Study long-term climate patterns ad determine how climate changes affect ecosystems | Climatologist |
| Boarder tundra at higher latitudes in the northern hemisphere | Polar regions |
| Covered by a thick layer of ice | Polar regions |
| (T/F) Penguins are found in the Artic. | F |
| A measure of the amount of salt in a body of water | Salinity |
| ___ ecosystems are grouped based on abiotic factors such as water flow, depth, etc. | Aquatic |
| The vast majority of Earth's water is ___ water | Salt |
| Most of the freshwater supply is locked in ___ | Glaciers |
| Mountain streams have clear, cold water that is highly ___ and supports the larvae of many insects and fish that feed on them | Oxygenated |
| At the ___, many rivers divide into many channels where wetlands or estuaries form | Mouth |
| An important characteristic of life in rivers and streams is the ability to withstand the constant water __ | Current |
| Material that is deposited by water, wind or glaciers | Sediment |
| As the slope of a river/stream levels, the speed of the water flow __ and sediments are deposited | Decreases |
| The ___ of lakes and ponds varies depending on the season | Temperature |
| Means 'well-nourished' | Eutrophic |
| Means 'poorly nourished' | Oligotrophic |
| ___ occurs in the lakes/ponds that experience seasonal changes, mixing the warm/cold water and thus the nutrients along with it | Turnover |
| Area of a lake/pond that is closest to the shore | Littoral zone |
| Open water area of a lake/pond that is well lit and dominated by plankton | Limnetic zone |
| Free-floating photosynthetic autotrophs that lie in freshwater or marine ecosystems | Plankton |
| Most of a lake's ___ is found in the littoral and limnetic zones | Biodiversity |
| Minimal light is able to penetrate through the limnetic zone into the deepest areas of a large lake, called the | Profundal zone |
| To be made up of... | Comprise |
| ___ plants above the low-tide line dominate estuaries formed in temperate areas | Salt-tolerant |
| ___ are a type of wetland characterized by moist, decaying plant material and dominated by mosses | Bogs |
| Marshes, swamps and bogs | Wetlands |
| Ecosystem formed where freshwater from a river or stream merges with sat water from the ocean | Estuary |
| The ___ zone of marine ecosystems if further divided into zones where different communities exist | Intertidal |
| Organisms in this area of a marine ecosystem must be well adapted to long periods of air and water | Mid-tide zone |
| ___ consume carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produce over 50% of the atmosphere's oxygen | Marine algae |
| Comes from the Greek word meaning "light" | Photic |
| Producers are found in the photic zone whereas ___ are found in the pelagic, abyssal and benthic zones | Consumers |
| Deepest region of the ocean | Abyssal zone |
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