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VOCAB-MILLER234
biochemistry and cells vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| polar | opposite ends that attract eachother |
| cohesion | a force that connects molecules together |
| adhesion | the attraction between 2 different substances |
| hydrogen bond | the bond connecting the electrons of 2 different hydrogen atoms |
| hydronium ion | the OH- ion |
| acid | 0-6 on the ph scale (lemons, batteries) |
| base | 8-14 on the ph scale (soaps) |
| ph scale | a range to indicate how acidic or basic something is |
| buffer | made out of a week acid and base that neutralizes other acids or bases that get added to it |
| organic compound | a bonded compound that contains carbon and doesn't include carbonates and oxides |
| monomer | a molecule that can combine with other molecules to make a polymer |
| polymer | a large molecule that is formed by monomers combining with each other |
| condensation reaction | when 2 or more molecules come together to produce water or another simple molecule |
| ATP | (adenostne triphosphate) the main energy source for cell processes |
| carbohydrate | and organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that provides nutrients for cells |
| monosaccharide | a simple sugar that is the monomer of a carbohydrate |
| disaccharide | 2 monosaccharides |
| polysaccharide | a carbohydrate made of a chain of simple sugars |
| protein | an organic compound made of a chain of amino acids. the principal component of cells. |
| amino acid | a molecule that contains a carboxyl, and an amino group. (makes up proteins) or called a protein monomer. |
| peptide bond | a chemical bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid |
| polypeptide | a long chain of amino acids |
| enzyme | a type of protein. speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without changing or destroying them |
| substrate | 2 part substance that supports another substance |
| active site | the part on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| lipid | a non polar organic molecule (fats & steroids) |
| steroid | a lipid that contains 4 carbon rings that functional groups attach to and usually has a physiological action |
| nucleic acid | DNA or RNA. organic compound made o f 1 or 2 chains of nucleotides |
| nucleotide | in a nucleic acid chain, it is a sub unit that consists of sugar phosphate and a nitrogenous base |
| cell | the smallest unit that can perform all life processes |
| cytoplasm | the inside of a cell that contains the fluid |
| cytosol | the soluble portion of the cytoplasm |
| prokaryote | single-celled organism with no nucleus and has no membrane bound organelles |
| eukaryote | (animals, plants, and bacteria) an organism made of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle |
| organelle | one of the smallest bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell |
| cytoskeleton | a network of filaments and tubes that play an essential role in cell movement |
| microtubule | one of the small tubular fibers that are found in eukaryotic cells that compose the cytoskeleton |
| microfilament | a fiber in eukaryotic cells that are mainly composed of the protein actin and has a role in cell structure and movement |
| cilium | a hairlike structure that projects from the surface of some cells |
| flagellum | a hairlike structure that allows a cell to move |
| plastid | an organelle of plant cells that contains specific substances and performs specific functions for the cell |
Created by:
oliviabp
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