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Bio Honors Unit 1
First test bio honors freshman year
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What characteristics do all organisms share? | Made of cells, need and use energy for metabolism, respond to environment, reproduce successfully |
| How do structure and function relate? | structure determines function |
| What is homeostasis? | maintenance of constant internal conditions |
| Whta is evolution? | change of living things over time (genetic makeup of a POPULATION not individual of species changes) |
| What are adaptations? | beneficial inherited traits that are passed down to future generations |
| What accounts for the diversity and unity of life? | evolution |
| what is a theory? | therories explain wide range of observations, is based on supporting evidence and can change based on new findings |
| what do biologists use experiements for? | Allows scientsist to explain and find cause of phenomenons (observational experiments) |
| what is selection? | when you live or die based on the apperance that yuo have |
| what is the smallest unit that can evolve? | cahnges in the gene pool, the population |
| what are two ways of getting variation in a population? | mutations(new novel characteristics) and environmental changes |
| what's the hardy weinburg formula and define each variable...? | (p*p)+2pq+(q*q)=1 p=alle frequency of dominant q=allele frequency of recessive p*p=homozygous dominant q*q=homozygous recessive 2pq=heterozygous dominant |
| what is natural selection? | organisms having traits that better adapt them for their environment so they have a higher fitness |
| what is directional selection? | natural selection favoring one phenotype in extreme |
| what does natural selectoin need to work? | changes in the dna and different apperances |
| descreibe the 3 categories for evolution available to darwin? | biogeography-comparing life in different parts of the world, fossils-show changes over time in a species, homologies-characteristics that organisms have that show common ancestory |
| what are veestigal structures | structures that once served a function in earlier ancestors but no longer do |
| what are mutations? | changes at the molecular level |
| what is a gene pool? | all genes in a population |
| what is a phenotype? | physical traits |
| what is artificail selection? | when humans select specific traits to breed |
| sexual selection? | mates select each other |
| what is disruptive selection? | both extreme traits are favored and usually branches into two species or more |
| stablizing selection? | nature chooses average trait, in the middle |
| what is varaition? | differences within a species |
| why is it important to have variatoin in a popoulation | less suseptible to disease, higher fitness for certain indiviuals |
| what is the bottleneck affect? | pop suffers huge loss then rebuilds pop. , but they are all very similiar |
| founder affect? | a few indivuals leave pop and start new one, again very similair |
| what is genetic drift? | change in allel frequenceies due to chance |
| speciation? | one species to more thna one |
| extinction? | one to zero species |
| extanct | still alivemore diversity |
| `how does speciation affect biodiversity? | more diversity |
| divergent ? | different traits in closely relatewd organisms |
| convergent | similar looking with no relatoin |
| possible causes of mass extinction, how many has earth experiences | 5, volcanoes, cm=oment, ocena anoxia, ocena circulation, carbon dioxide, sea level, methane hydrate, climate change, gamma rays, pangaea |
| coevolution? | two species hjeading down evolutionaryu pathway together |
| what are the three domains? | acteria, archaea, eukarya |
| biinomial nomenclature? | method to two part naming system using genus and species |
| taxonomy? | science of naming and classifying organisms |
| levels of taxon? | domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| problem with naming system? | biodiversity is depleting quickly and specvies beomce extinct faster than we can name them |
| node on cladograms? y axis? | node is common ancestor, y axis is time |
| can you gain and lose adaptations? | yes |
| what do we use to classify organisms? | dna instead of previously used physical apperance |
| phylogenetics? | evolut=ionary history or famiily tree of organisms |
| what two types of evidence can be ussed to make phylogenetic tree? | morphological(structure) and molecular(dna) |
| clade? | organism and ALLL descendatnts |
| how can organisms be considered the same species? | so similar that they can reproduce and have fertle offspring |
| interspecific variatoin vs intraspecific? | inter=variation amoing differnt specvies, intra=smae species |
| why must traits be heritable? | for selection to happen |
| describe the three types of iscolation? | behavioral=mating and coutrship ways, geographic=physical boundary, temporal=different mating seasons |
| to be a hardy weinburg equatoin, five things arte needed (FOR NON EVOLVING POPULATION) | 1. random mating 2. large population 3. no mutations 4. no natural selection 5.)no gene flow |
Created by:
hollymuth
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