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Macromolecules 91712

Macromolecules notes for quiz on Sept. 18, 2012

QuestionAnswer
Subunits of Carbohydrates Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
One, Two, Many Sugars Mono, Di, Poly Saccharides
Structure of Carbohydrates 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen
Functions of Carbohydrates Supply energy to cells
Biologically Important Examples of Carbohydrates Glycogen, Cellulose, Starches
Subunits of Lipids Hydrogen, Oxygen
Structure of Lipids Non-polar, ester linkages, glycerol backbone with fatty acid tails
Functions of Lipids Store energy, cushion, insulate, build cell membranes, compose substances
Biologically Important Examples of Lipids Steroids, hormones, cholesterol, saturated and unsaturated fats
Subunits of Proteins Amino acids, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Structure of Proteins Very long polymers, AAs link together by dehydration synthesis and form peptide bonds
Functions of Proteins Structural support, movement, signaling, catalysts/enzymes
Biologically Important Examples of Proteins Enzymes, biological catalysts
Subunits of Nucleic Acids Nucleotides- 5-Carbon Sugar, Nitrogenous Base, Phosphate Group
Structure of Nucleic Acids Nucleotide monomers, H bonds between Nitrogenous Bases, Phosphodiester bonds "ladder rungs"
Functions of Nucleic Acids Store inherited information
Biologically Important Examples of Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA
How many carbons do organic compounds have? At least five
Inorganic Compound Examples H2, O2, N2, Cl2, NO, H2O, CO2
Catabolic Reactions Break-down processes, release energy
Catabolic Reaction Examples Digestion, Cellular Respiration, Hydrolysis
Anabolic Reaction Build-up processes, require energy
Anabolic Reaction Examples Protein Synthesis, Photosynthesis, Dehydration Synthesis
Proteins contain how much of the cell's dry weight? 50 percent
Sources of Proteins Eggs, meats, dairy, legumes
Nitrogenous Bases Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Created by: reneslacis
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