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Ch. 2, 3, &4 vocab.
Due by 18th!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Polar | an uneven distribution of charge among a water molecule |
| Cohesion | an attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together |
| Adhesion | the attractive force between two particles of different substances |
| Hydrogen Bond | the force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge |
| Hydroxide ion | the OH- ion in a chemical change |
| Hydronium ion | the H3O+ ion |
| Acid | lower than 7 on the pH scale-when the number of hydronium ions is greater than the number of hydroxide ions |
| Base | greater than 7 on the pH scale-when the number of hydronium ions is less than the number of hydroxide ions |
| pH scale | a scale for comparing the number of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution |
| Buffer | chemicals that neutralize small amounts of either acid or a base added to a solution |
| Organic compound | primarily made up of carbon atoms (living organisms that is not water is this) |
| Monomer | smaller, more simple molecules that make up carbon compounds |
| Polymer | monomers linked to one another, repeated linked units |
| Condensation reaction | when monomers link to form polymers |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| Carbohydrate | organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of about 1 carbon to 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom |
| Monosaccharide | (simple sugar) a monomer of a carbohydrate |
| Disaccharide | (double sugar) two monosaccharide combining two |
| Polysaccharide | a complex molecule composed of 3 or more monosaccarides |
| Protein | organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. |
| Amino acids | are monomers that link together to form protiens |
| Peptide bond | when two amino acids form a covalent bond |
| Polypeptide | very long chains of amino acids, proteins are often formed of one or more of these |
| Enzyme | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts |
| Substrate | the reactant being catalyzed (enzyme reactions depend on physical fit between the enzyme molecule and its specific this) |
| Active site | folds that allow the substrate to fit |
| Lipid | large, non-polar organic molecules. do not dissolve in water |
| Steroid | composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them |
| Nucleic acid | very large and complex organic molecules that store and transport information in the cell |
| Nucleotide | thousands of linked monomers that make up polymers |
| Cell | the smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life |
| Cytoplasm | the region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane that includes fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus |
| Cytosol | the part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles but not membrane bound organelles |
| Prokaryote | organisms that lack membrane bound nucleuses and membrane bound organelles |
| Eukaryotes | organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Organelle | intracellular bodies that perform specific functions for the cell |
| Cytoskeleton | network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscross the cytosol |
| Microtubule | hollow tubes made up of protein called "tubulin" |
| Microfilament | long threads of bead-like protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like strands of rope |
| Cilium | hair-like structures that extend from the surface of the cell where they assist in movement |
| Flagellum | .... |
| Centrioles | two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles of each other and are situated in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope |
Created by:
erobitaille
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