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Demographics and Gov
Advanced World Geography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the science of studying human populations | Demography |
| Since 1950, world populations have more than | Doubled |
| number of births per year per thousand | 20.3 |
| number of deaths per year per thousand | 9.6 |
| birthrate minus death rate | natural increase |
| World population is currently | 6 to 7 billion people |
| the number of years it takes a population to double in size | Doubling time |
| In which nations is doubling time less that 50 years? | industrialized nations |
| demographic balance achieved when the birthrate equals the death rate | zero population growth |
| which nations are experiencing zero population growth? | Countries in Western Europe, Asia, Africa |
| death rate exceeds birthrate | negative population growth |
| which nations are experiencing negative population growth? | Eastern Europe, European Russia |
| the movement of people or ideas out of one country to another | emigration |
| the movement of people or ideas into a country from another | immigration |
| the pattern of human settlement; related to the earth's geography | population distribution |
| average number of people living on a square mile; divide total population by total land area | population density |
| rule by one political party | totalitarian |
| there is no government | anarchy |
| power is held by the people | democracy |
| rule by a king or queen | monarchy |
| rule under laws based on religious ideas | theocracy |
| rule by aristocrats | aristocracy |
| rule of a singly, unelected leader by force | dictatorship |
| person or persons authorized to administer the laws | government |
| all key powers are held by national or central government | unitary system |
| powers are divided between national and state governments | federal system |
| government system in which power to govern is held by one person; power to rule is inherited or by military force | autocracy |
| type of autocracy in which government seeks to control every aspect of social and economic life | totalitarian dictatorship |
| type of autocracy in which king, queen or emperor control the government; position and power are usually inherited | absolute monarchy |
| the idea that a ruler was appointed by God and the right to rule the people was inherited | divine right |
| traditional concept concerning legitimacy or Chinese rulers; similar to divine right, but conduct of ruler determined if he held power | mandate of heaven |
| a form of autocratic government in which the political leader is also the spiritual leader is given power | theocracy |
| type of government is which kings, queens, or emperors share power with elected legislature | constitutional monarchy |
| government in which a few people such as a dominant clan or clique have power; group derives its power from military, wealth or social status | oligarchy |
| government system in which power is derived from the consent of the people (popular sovereignty); self government | democracy |
| a type of democracy in which people vote on all issues | direct democracy |
| also known as a republic, thish type of democracy has people electing representatives to vote on issues on behalf of the voters | representative democracy |
| -values individual freedoms and equality -based on majority rule -free elections are held -every vote carries equal weight -candidates express views freely -requirements to vote are kept to a minimum -citizens vote by secret ballet | characteristics of democracy |
| the way society organized the production and consumption of goods and services | economic system |
| list the three economic questions every system must answer | what to produce? how to produce? for whom to produce? |
| what determines the economic system of a society? | How they answer the three questions |
| decisions are based on past behavior and custom | traditional economy |
| decisions are made by a central authority (communism; socialism) | command economy |
| decisions are made in the market place, usually between household and businesses | market (price) economy |
| aggregates aka... | averages |
| a number which represents half of the numbers on one side and half on the other | median |
| the sum of the production of goods and the supply of services in a given country is defined by the country's | gross national product or GNP |
| -population expansion or contraction -entrepreneurism -trade -war -natural resources | five factors the affect the GNP |
| The GNP can be broken down in to seven categories called | the origin of supply |
| -manufacturing -construction -agriculture, fisheries, and natural resources -transportation, communication and utilities -wholesale and retail -finance, insurance, and real estate -other services | seven categories of GNP |
| the amount of business done by all companies within the boundaries of one country | gross domestic product or GDP |
| aggregate demand rises less quickly when | income rises |
| the percentage of workers in a country that do not have jobs | unemployment figure |
| In the 1930s, the USA experienced a massive unemployment, reaching 25%, this is called a | depression |
| a less severe economic downturn is called a | recession |
| One of the most powerful tools used to control and manipulate economic aggregate is called | monetary policy |
| government once held precious metals in reserve, equal to the value of the paper money in circulation. this is called the | gold standard |
| the amount of coin and paper money that the government puts in circulation is the | money supply |
| the institution in a country that decides monetary policy | central bank |
| Setting ____ is considered to be the primary way to control inflation and the rate of GNP. | interest rates |
| governement spent more that it brought in | deficit spending |
| another way of impacting economic aggregates is by shifting businesses from the | private sector to the public sector or vice versa |
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hannahbonana
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