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Biology Chapter 4 Vo
Biology Chapter 4 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Greenhouse Effect | The natural situation in which heat is retained by the layer of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere |
| Weather | The day to day condition of the Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place |
| Climate | The average year after year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a region |
| Polar Zones | Cold areas where the sun's rays strike the earth at a very low angle |
| Temperate Zones | Areas between the polar and tropical zones |
| Tropical Zones | Then area between 23.5 degrees N and 23.5 degrees S with lots of direct sunlight and a very warm climate |
| Biotic Factors | The biological influences on organisms within an ecosystem |
| Abiotic Factors | Pyshical, or nonliving factors that shape the ecosystems |
| Habitat | The area where an organism lives |
| Niche | The full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions |
| Recourse | Any necessity of life |
| Competitve Exclusion Principle | No 2 species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat st the same time |
| Predation | An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism |
| Symbiosis | A relationship in which two species live closely together |
| Mutualism | A relationship in which both species benefit |
| Commensalism | A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is not affected |
| Parasitism | A relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it |
| Ecological Succession | The series of predictable changes that occurs in a community |
| Primary Succession | The succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists |
| Pioneer Species | The first series to populate an area |
| Secondary Succession | The processes by which ecosystems are repaired after disturbances |
| Biome | A complex of terrestrial communities that covers a large area that is characterized by certain soil and climate conditions and particular assemblages of plants and animals |
| Tolerance | Ability to survive and reproduce under conditions that differ from the optimal conditions |
| Microclimate | The climate that differs from the climate around it |
| Canopy | Dense covering 50 to 80 meters above the forest floor |
| Understory | The second layer below the canopy with shorter trees and vines |
| Deciduous | A tree that sheds its leaves during a particular season each year |
| Coniferous | A tree that produces seed bearing cones and most often have leaves shaped like needles |
| Humus | A material formed from decaying leaves and other organic material that makes soil fertile |
| Permafrost | A layer of permanently frozen soil |
| Plankton | Tiny free-floating organisms that live in both freshwater and saltwater environments |
| Phytoplankton | Unicellular algae |
| Zooplankton | Planktonic animals |
| Wetland | An ecosystem in which water covers the soil or is present at or near the surface of the soil for at least part of the year |
| Estuary | Wetlands formed where rivers meet the sea |
| Detritus | A material made of tiny pieces of organic matter that feeds organisms at the bottom of an estuary's food web |
| Salt Marshes | Temperate-zone estuaries dominated by salt-tolerant grasses above the low tide line, and by seagrasses under water |
| Mangrove Swamps | Coastal wetlands that are widespead across tropical regions, including southern Florida and Hawaii |
| Photic Zone | Well lit upper layer in a marine ecosystem |
| Aphotic Zone | The permanently dark zone below the photic zone |
| Zonation | The prominent horizontal banding of organisms that live in a particular habitat. |
| Coastal Ocean | The area from the low tide mark to the outer edge of the continental shelf |
| Kelp Forests | Forests made of a rapid growing brown alga called kelp |
| Coral Reefs | Reefs made of coral animals whose calcium carbonate structures make up their primary structure |
| Benthos | Organisms that live attached to or near the bottom of the ocean floor |
Created by:
Olivia13
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