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A&P2lec3

CU Anatomy and Physiology II Dr Hartman Lecture 3

QuestionAnswer
What are the three factors that determine blood flow. Cardiac output, blood pressure, and vascular resistance.
Blood pressure is the pressure the blood exerts on the wall and refers to the pressure in the arteries. this is effected by CO, blood volume, vascular resistance, and elasticity of arteries.
BP is the highest in where, what is it? in the aorta and it is 110mmHg during systole and 70mmHg during diastole, however the pressure progressively falls the farther away the vessl is from the pumping action of the left ventricle. 0mmHg at R.atrium
VR, Vascular resistance. Determined what three things size of lumen, blood viscosity, and length of vessel
Size of lumen smaller the lumen the greater its VR
Blood viscosity relating to the hematocrit, how thick it is
Total vessel length longer means greater VR. each additional pound of fat is estimated to add up to 400 mi of additional blood vessels.
regulation of blood pressure is done through four broad catagories. the Cardiovascular center, the neural regulation, hormonal and
Cardiovascular center The CV center is a group of neurons in the medulla. regulates HR, contractility and Blood vessel diameter. Input from higher brain areas and sensory receptors
Output from the CV is divided into Parasympathetic, impulses along the vagus nerves (CN X) DECREASES HR Sympathetic impluses along cardiac accelerator nerves that INCREASES HR and CONTRACTILTY.
Sympathetic output from CV center goes to the vessel walls via vasomoter nerves. this results in tonic contraction or vasoconstriction called vasomoter tone.
Neural regulation x3 Proprioceptors - movement of joints, increase of HR at begining of exercise. Baroreceptors - pressure censors in Aorta and carotid sinus . same with chemoreceptors which are receptive to chemicals. Hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis stimulate them.
hormonal regulation x3 Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system, epinephrine & Norepinephrine, atrial naturetic peptide (ANP)
RAA system increases BP Starting with angiotensinogen, renin is secreted by JG cells which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, ACE then converts that to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II causes vasodialation, stimulates the release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex, and ADH
Epi and nor epi, and ANP causes an increase in Blood pressure atrial naturetic peptide- powerful vasodilator as well as increases excretion of sodium and water from kidneys. DECREASES BP
autoregulation ability of tissue to automatically adjust its own blood flow to match its metabolic demand for supply of O2 and nutrients and removal of wastes. usually lack of oxygen that is the main stimulus for autoregulation
ductus arteriosus sclerosis becomes __1__. The foramen ovale becomes __2__. The ductus venosus sclerosis becomes __3__. The umbilical arteries becomes __4__. The umbilical vein becomes __5__ of the liver. 1: ligamentum arteriosum. 2:the fossa ovalis. 3:the ligamentum venosum. 4: the medial umbilical ligaments. 5:the ligamentum teres (round ligament)
most common artery used to palpate the pulse is the radial artery
during resuscitation efforts what artery is used? carotid and femoral pulses
Dorsalis pedis artery is checked when? commonly palpated as part of the medical exam
tachycardia is defined as a resting pulse >100bpm
bradycardia indicates a resting puse of <60bpm
sphygmomanometer measures what? blood pressure, in one of the brachial arteris
Systolic BP force of blood recorded during ventricular contraction
Diastolic BP is the force of blood recorded during ventricular relaxation
Various sounds heard during BP are called Korotkoff sounds.
normal BP for young adults is 110/70mmHg
pulse pressure is the difference between SBP and DBP. normally about 40 mmHg
Created by: jseekins
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