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ch.2, biology vocab
ch.2, 3, 4 biology vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cohesion | an attractive force that holds molecules of one substance |
| Polar | an unevenly distributed charge in a water molecule |
| Adhesion | the attractive force between two particles of different substances |
| Hydrogen bond | the attraction force between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge |
| Hydroxide ion | the OH- ion |
| Hydronium ion | H30+ ion |
| Acid | if the number of hydroxide ions is less than the number of hydronium ions |
| base | more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions |
| pH scale | used for comparing the relative concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions in a solution |
| buffer | chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of an aside or a base added to a solution |
| organic compound | made primarily of carbon atoms |
| monomer | carbon compounds built up from small simpler molecules known as..... |
| polymer | a molecule that consists of repeated, linked units |
| condensation reaction | when monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called... |
| ATP | stores a large amount of energy in it's structure that is required by life processes |
| carbohydrate | organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom |
| monosaccharide | the monomer of a carbohydrate |
| disaccharide | in living things, 2 monosaccharides can combine in a condensation reaction to form a double sugar or a..... |
| polysaccharide | a complex molecule made of three or more monosaccharides |
| protien | organic compounds made of mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
| amino acid | proteins made from the linkage of other monomers |
| peptide bond | when two amino acids form a covalent bond |
| polypeptide | long chains formed by amino acids |
| enzyme | RNA or protein molecules that act as a biological catalysts |
| substrate | the reactant being catalyzed |
| active site | the folds in an enzyme |
| lipid | large, non polar organic molecules |
| steroid | molecules composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them. |
| nucleic acid | large and complex molecules that store and transfer important info to in the cell |
| nucleotide | polymers composed of thousands of linked monomers |
| cell | the smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life |
| cytoplasm | the region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane that includes the cytoskeleton, the fluid, and all the organelles except the nucleus |
| cytosol | the part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not membrane bound organelles |
| prokaryote | organisms that lack membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| eukaryote | organisms that make up one or more cells that have membrane bound and a nucleus |
| organelle | a variety of sub cellular structures in a eukaryotic cell |
| cytoskeleton | a network of thin tubes and filaments that cross the cytosol |
| microtubule | hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin |
| microfilament | long threads of actin (protein) and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other |
| cilium | structure that extends from the surface of a cell, short |
| flagellum | structure that extends from the surface of a cell, long |
| plastid | organelles surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA |
Created by:
paljor1
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