Question 1

Atom

Accepted Answer

Smallest possible unit of an element 
The smallest living particle alive.

Question 2

Molecule

Accepted Answer

Made of atoms that have combined chemically.

Question 3

Element

Accepted Answer

A substance that cannot be broken down into smaller particles by chemical reactions.

Question 4

Compound

Accepted Answer

Molecules made from more than one type of atom.

Question 5

Isotope

Accepted Answer

Atoms of an element that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass. 

BY SUBTRACTING THE MASS AND THE PROTONS YOU GET THE NEUTRONS

Question 6

Ion

Accepted Answer

Charged atom or molecule.

Question 7

Atomic Number

Accepted Answer

Number of protons in an atom of a particular element.

Number of protons is equal to the electrons and atomic number

Question 8

Atomic Mass

Accepted Answer

Number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 9

Energy Levels

Accepted Answer

1 level: 2 electrons
2 level: 8 electrons
3 level: 8 electrons 

*Outermost valance shell wants to be full*

Question 10

Chemical bonds

Accepted Answer

The attraction, sharing, or transfer of outer shell electrons from one atom to another.

Question 11

Structural formula

Accepted Answer

Formula which represents the atoms and bonding within a molecule (e.g., H-H). The line represents a shared pair of electrons.

Question 12

Molecular/chemical formula

Accepted Answer

Indicates the number and type of atoms (e.g., H2)

Question 13

Covalent bond

Accepted Answer

Chemical bond between atoms formed by sharing a pair of valence electrons.

Question 14

Single covalent bond

Accepted Answer

Bond between atoms formed by sharing a single pair of valence electrons. 
Atoms may freely rotate around the axis of the bond.

Question 15

Double covalent bond

Accepted Answer

Bond formed when atoms share two pairs of valence electrons (e.g., 02). (Doesn't allow rotation)

Question 16

Triple covalent Bond

Accepted Answer

Bond formed when atoms share three pairs of valence electrons
. NOTE: Double and triple covalent bonds are rigid and do not allow rotation.

Question 17

Electronegativity

Accepted Answer

Atom's ability to attract and hold electrons.

Question 18

Nonpolar covalent bond

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond formed by an equal sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 19

Polar covalent bond

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond formed by an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 20

Ionic bond

Accepted Answer

Bond formed by the electrostatic attraction after the complete transfer of an electron from a donor atom to an acceptor.

Question 21

Distinguish between atom and elements

Accepted Answer

An atom is a part of an element
 Ex. Atom- 
     Element- Oxygen

Question 22

Distinguish between molecules and compounds

Accepted Answer

A molecule is made up of only atoms, while a compound is made up of molecules of one or more types of atoms
 Ex. Molecule- Hydrogen H 
     Compound- H2O
NOT ALL COMPOUNDS ARE MOLECULES BUT ARE MOLECULES ARE COMPOUNDS

Question 23

How is an Ion formed?

Accepted Answer

When an atom gains or loses an electron

Question 24

What is a polar covalent bond, how does it form, and give an example.

Accepted Answer

It is:
Formed: By an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms.
Example:

Question 25

What is a non-polar covalent bond, how it forms an give an example.

Accepted Answer

It is:
Formed: By an equal sharing of electrons between atoms.
Example:

Question 26

What is an ionic bond, how does it form and give an example.

Accepted Answer

It is:
Formed: The transfer of electrons from 1 atom to another. 
Example:

Question 27

What is a hydrogen bond, how it forms, and give an example.

Accepted Answer

It is:
Formed:A weak attraction between a positive hydrogen atom in a molecule and a nearby negative atom of another molecule.
Example:

Question 28

pH scale

Accepted Answer

Scale used to measure degree of acidity. It ranges from 0 to 14.

Question 29

Buffer

Accepted Answer

Substance that minimizes large sudden changes in pH.

Question 30

Neutron

Accepted Answer

No charge, in the nucleus, has mass.

Question 31

Proton

Accepted Answer

Positive charge, in the nucleus, has mass.

Question 32

Electron

Accepted Answer

Negative charge, orbits around the nucleus. Mass is so small not calculated into the mass only particle in the chemical reaction. Outermost electrons involved in the chemical reaction.

5 Learning Targets

Unit 2 Chemistry

Question	Answer
Atom	Smallest possible unit of an element The smallest living particle alive.
Molecule	Made of atoms that have combined chemically.
Element	A substance that cannot be broken down into smaller particles by chemical reactions.
Compound	Molecules made from more than one type of atom.
Isotope	Atoms of an element that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass. BY SUBTRACTING THE MASS AND THE PROTONS YOU GET THE NEUTRONS
Ion	Charged atom or molecule.
Atomic Number	Number of protons in an atom of a particular element. Number of protons is equal to the electrons and atomic number
Atomic Mass	Number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Energy Levels	1 level: 2 electrons 2 level: 8 electrons 3 level: 8 electrons Outermost valance shell wants to be full
Chemical bonds	The attraction, sharing, or transfer of outer shell electrons from one atom to another.
Structural formula	Formula which represents the atoms and bonding within a molecule (e.g., H-H). The line represents a shared pair of electrons.
Molecular/chemical formula	Indicates the number and type of atoms (e.g., H2)
Covalent bond	Chemical bond between atoms formed by sharing a pair of valence electrons.
Single covalent bond	Bond between atoms formed by sharing a single pair of valence electrons. Atoms may freely rotate around the axis of the bond.
Double covalent bond	Bond formed when atoms share two pairs of valence electrons (e.g., 02). (Doesn't allow rotation)
Triple covalent Bond	Bond formed when atoms share three pairs of valence electrons . NOTE: Double and triple covalent bonds are rigid and do not allow rotation.
Electronegativity	Atom's ability to attract and hold electrons.
Nonpolar covalent bond	Covalent bond formed by an equal sharing of electrons between atoms.
Polar covalent bond	Covalent bond formed by an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms.
Ionic bond	Bond formed by the electrostatic attraction after the complete transfer of an electron from a donor atom to an acceptor.
Distinguish between atom and elements	An atom is a part of an element Ex. Atom- Element- Oxygen
Distinguish between molecules and compounds	A molecule is made up of only atoms, while a compound is made up of molecules of one or more types of atoms Ex. Molecule- Hydrogen H Compound- H2O NOT ALL COMPOUNDS ARE MOLECULES BUT ARE MOLECULES ARE COMPOUNDS
How is an Ion formed?	When an atom gains or loses an electron
Recognize the different types of isotopes of various elements
What is a polar covalent bond, how does it form, and give an example.	It is: Formed: By an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms. Example:
What is a non-polar covalent bond, how it forms an give an example.	It is: Formed: By an equal sharing of electrons between atoms. Example:
What is an ionic bond, how does it form and give an example.	It is: Formed: The transfer of electrons from 1 atom to another. Example:
What is a hydrogen bond, how it forms, and give an example.	It is: Formed:A weak attraction between a positive hydrogen atom in a molecule and a nearby negative atom of another molecule. Example:
pH scale	Scale used to measure degree of acidity. It ranges from 0 to 14.
Buffer	Substance that minimizes large sudden changes in pH.
Neutron	No charge, in the nucleus, has mass.
Proton	Positive charge, in the nucleus, has mass.
Electron	Negative charge, orbits around the nucleus. Mass is so small not calculated into the mass only particle in the chemical reaction. Outermost electrons involved in the chemical reaction.

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