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Chemical Of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Element | a substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions |
| Atom | a substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions |
| Neutron | subatomic particles that have no charge in the nucleus |
| Proton | subatomic particles that are positively charged in the nucleus |
| Electron | subatomic particles that are negatively charged and orbit around the nucleus |
| Atomic Number | number of protons in an atom of a particular element |
| Atomic Mass | number of protons and number of neutrons in an atom |
| atomic mass units (amu) | measurement of atomic masses |
| Isotopes | atoms of an element that have the same atomic number but different mass number |
| Chemical Bonds | an electrical force that links atoms and holds molecules together |
| Molecules | made of atoms that have combined chemically |
| Compound | molecules made from more than one type of atom |
| Subscript | number of atoms of each element in a molecule |
| Structural Formula | a chemical formula that shows the arrangement of atoms within the molecule (e.g., H-H). The line between H and H represents a shared pair of electrons |
| Molecular/Chemical Formula | formula that gives the total number and type of atoms of each element in each molecule of a substance (e.g. H2) |
| Covalent Bond | chemical bond between atoms formed by sharing a pair of valence electrons |
| Single Covalent Bond | bond between atoms formed by sharing a single pair of valence electrons |
| Double Covalent Bond | bond formed when atoms share two pairs of valence electrons (e.g.,O2) |
| Triple Covalent Bond | bond formed when atoms share three pairs of valence electrons |
| Electronegativity | the tendency of an atom to attract and hold electrons |
| More electronegative in an atom results to | stronger attraction of shared electrons |
| Nonpolar Covalent Bond | covalent bond formed by an equal sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Polar Covalent Bond | covalent bond formed by an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Ion | charged atom or molecule |
| Ionic Bond | a bond in which an atom "borrows" one or more electron from another atom |
| What does the difference in electronegativity between interacting atoms determine? | if electrons are shared equally (nonpolar covalent), shared unequally (polar covalent), gained or lost (ionic bond) |
| Electronegativities are the same or very similar | nonpolar covalent bond |
| Electronegativities are somewhat different | polar covalent bond |
| Electronegativities are very different | ionic bond |
| Number of H+ ions | number of OH- ions |
| First Energy Level | 1 orbital and holds a maximum of 2 electrons |
| Second Energy Level | holds a maximum of 8 electrons |
| Higher Energy Level | contain additional orbitals with more complex shapes |
| What is Hydroxide ion | Water molecule that lost a proton has a net negative charge (OH-) |
| pH formula | H2O + H2O -> H3O+ + OH- |
| pH scale | scale that measures degree of acidity and ranges from 0 to 14 |
| pH | negative log10 of the [H+] expressed in moles per liter |
| Acidic Solution | pH < 7 |
| Neutral Solution | pH of 7 |
| Basic Solution | pH > 7 |
| Buffer | substance that minimizes large sudden changes in pH |
| How does buffer occur? | by minimizing wide fluctuations (move in wave like pattern) in pH |
Created by:
one directioner
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