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chap 6
ch 6Plate Techtonics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| inner core | a ball of hot, solid metals |
| outer core | a layer of liquid metals that surrounds the inner core |
| mantle | Earth's thicest layer, measuring nearly 2900 kilometers |
| mantle | made of hot rock that is less dense than the metallic core |
| crust | thin layer of cool rock |
| crust | surounds the Earth like a shell |
| inner core and outer core | makes up the core of the Earth |
| lithosphere | earth's crust and the very top of the mantle together form this |
| asthenosphere | what the lithosphere sits on top of |
| asthenosphere | a layer of hotter, softer rock in the upper mantle |
| tectonic plates | what the lithosphere is broken into; includes many large and small slabs |
| continental drift | proposed by Wegener; hypothesis that says the Earth's continents were once joined in a single landmass and gradually moved or drifted apart |
| fossils, climate, and geology | evidence for the continental drift theory |
| Pangea | comes from the Greek word, "all lands" |
| Pangea | the huge supercontinent |
| mod ocean ridges | huge underwater montain ranges |
| sea floor spreading, age of the sea floor, and ocean trenches | evidence that the sea floor is spreading |
| convection | energy transfer by the movement of a material |
| convection current | a motion that transfers heat energy in a material |
| theory of plate tectonics | what geologist developed using a combination of their knowledge of Earth's plates, the sea floor, and the asthenosphere |
| divergent boundary | occurs where plates move apart |
| convergent boundary | occurs when plates push together |
| transform boundary | occurs where plates scrape past each other |
| plate boundary | where the edges of two plates meet |
| rift valley | a gap developed as ridges continue to widen |
| magnetic reversal | the switch in direction of the Earth's magnetic poles; the north pole becomes the south pole and the south pole becomes the north pole |
| hot spots | places where heated rock rises in plumes or thin columns from the mantle |
| subduction | a process in which one plate is led under another |
| continental-continental collision | occurs where two plates carrying continental crust push together |
| continental-continental collision | becuase both crusts are the same density, neither plate can sink beneath the other |
| oceanic-oceanic subduction | occurs where one plate with ocean crust sinks or subducts under another plate with oceanic crust |
| oceanic-oceanic subduction | the older plate sinks because it is colder and denseer than the younger plate |
| deep ocean trenches | like deep canyons that form in the oean floor as a plate sinks |
| Island arcs | chains of volcanic islands tht form on the top plate, parallel to a deep ocean trench |
| oceanic-continental subduction | ocurs when ocean crust sinks under continental crust |
| oceanic-continental subduction | oceanic crust sinks becuase it is colder and denser than the continental curst |
| deep ocean trenches | occur mostly in the Pacific Ocean and the crust movement results in underwater earthquakes |
| coastal mountains | as the oceanic crust sinks under a continent, the continental crust buckles to form a range of mountains |
Created by:
fhershey
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