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Immune Physiology
lymphatic system, non specific immune response, humoral immunity, cell mediated
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathogen | non specific immune response;infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host |
| Phagocytes | non specific immune response; white blood cells that ingest harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. |
| Natural killer cells | non specific immune response; surveillance cells that recognize bacteria, foreign cells, virally infected cells & cancer |
| Inflammation | non specific immune response; redness, heat, swelling, pain |
| Fever | non specific immune response; secretes prostoglandins (increases temp setting in hypothalamus) |
| Humoral response | aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies |
| Cell mediated response | immune response involves the activation of phagocytes, natural killer cells (NK), antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen. |
| B cells | hummoral response; dont destroy |
| T cells | cell mediated response; destroy pathogens or infected cells |
| Neutrophils | wbc; circulate in blood 1st responder, kill via phagocytosis; respiratory burst |
| Respiratory burst | the rapid release of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide |
| Interferons | cell infected with a virus alerts neighboring cells |
| Complement | group of 30+ proteins; circulate in blood inactive |
| Histamines | vasodialation |
| Opsonization | the process by which a pathogen is marked for ingestion and destruction by a phagocyte |
| Cytolysis | creating pore in plasma membrane |
| Granzymes | causes cell to undergo programmed cell death |
| Pyrogens | fever-producing substance |
| Edema | condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body. |
| Leukocytosis | An increase in the number of white cells in the blood |
| Chemotaxis | neutrophils move toward inflammatory chemicals |
| Margination | cams in vessels snag neutrophils |
| Diapedesis | neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls |
| Pus | dead foreign cells, dead human cells, live pathogens, cell debris, fluid |
| Abscess | collection of pus in any part of the body that, in most cases, causes swelling and inflammation around it |
| Antigens | any molecule not created by your body that triggers an immune response |
| MHC | set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and "antigen presentation" |
| Cytotoxic T cells | release the cytotoxins perforin, granzymes |
| Helper T cells | alert cytotoxic b cells,alert B cells, stimulate increase in nonspecific immune response |
| CD8 | transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor; binds to MHC1 (all nucleated cells) |
| CD4 | glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (APC) |
| Antigen presenting cells | ingest pathogen; produce MHC2; present antigen; Dendritic cells, reticular cells |
| Thymus | The T cells education |
| Memory T cells | erived from normal T-cells that have learned how to overcome an invader by 'remembering' the strategy used to defeat previous infections |
| Antibodies | y shaped protein that bind antigens; may lead to pathogen neutralization, destruction, aggulation, precipitation |
| Memory B cells | cells that have already been programmed to respond to a certain antigen |
| Plasma cells | white blood cells which produce large volumes of antibodies |
| Lymph | clear, colorless fluid, similar to plasma |
| Lymph nodes | lymph organ; B&T cell activation, cleanse lymph, APC's stay in nodes; 450 in adults |
| Tonsils | lymph organ; guard against inhaled pathogens |
| Spleen | accumulate old rbc, monitors for antigens, fluid regulation |
| What is the difference between the specific and nonspecific immune response? | Specific= antigen based; nospecific = innate |
| How do cell mediated and humoral mediated immune responses interact with one another? | humoral immunity is effected by antibodies toward a specific foreign antigen cellular immunity does not directly involve antibodies, but refers to cellular destruction of alien cells/tissues by production of cytotoxins |
| How do vaccines provide immunity to future pathogens? | Vaccines work by stimulating our immune system to produce antibodies |
| What is the role of MHC in the immune response? | they allow T cells to distinguish self from non-self |
| What role does the lymphatic system play in fluid distribution? | collecting excess fluid and particulate matter from tissues and depositing them in the bloodstream. |
| What role does the lymphatic system play in the immune response? | It functions like a bloodstream for immune cells like T cells, B cells etc. |
Created by:
ashnicolexox
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