Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PATH-Neoplasia
Neoplasia
Question | Answer |
---|---|
neoplasia | new, abnormal growth, uncontrolled cells proliferation (multiplication, irreversible |
tumor | "swelling", used as a synonym for neoplasm |
what behavior do neoplasms exhibit? | unlimited growth and unregulated growth |
what are causes of neoplasia | chemicals viruses (aka oncogenic viruses) radiation (sunlight, xrays, nuclear fission) (can occur spontaneously secondary to a genetic mutation |
what are tumor classifications? | benign and malignant |
benign tumor (neoplasia) | localized, encapsulated w/ fibrous CT, invade adjacent tissue, resemble normal ctissue tx. surgical excision, either local excision or enucleation |
malignant tumor (cancerous) | invades and destroys surrounding tiss., can spread, well differentiated-neoplasic cells resemble normal cells poorly diferentiated- do not undifferentiated/anaplastic-do not resemble tiss. derived from at all |
pleomorphic | cells of malignant tumors vary in size and shape |
hyperchromatic | nuclei of cells darkers than those of normal cells, exhibit an increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio |
mitotic figures | normal and abnormalmitotic figures seen in nucleus of neoplastic cells tx. surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy (often combo) |
classification of tumors(benign) | usually well-differentiated usually slow growth mitotic figures are rare usually encapsulated no metastasis |
classfication of tumors (malignant) | well differentiated to anaplastic slow-to-rapid growth mitotic figures may be numerous invasive and unencapsulated metastasis likely |
what is the suffix "-oma" used to indicate | a tumor *prefix is determined by tissue or cell of origin |
lipoma | benign tumor of fat |
osteoma | benign tumor of bone |
carcinoma | malignant tumor of epithelium |
sarcoma | malignant tumor of CT |
squamous cell carcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma | malignant tumor of squamous epithelium |
osteosarcoma | malignant tumor of bone |
what can epithelial tumors derive from? | squamous epithelium salivary gland epithelium odontogenic epithelium |
papilloma | small, benign tumor of squamous epithelium, exophytic pedunculated or sessile growth |
what are the papillary projections of papilloma? | *cauliflower most often on soft palate or tongue occurs any age or sex DDX w/ verruca vulgaris and condyloma acuminatum (venereal wart) |
how does pailloma appear microscopically? | numerous fingerlike or papillary projections w/ central core of fibrous CT surfaced by normal stratified squamous epithelium |
tx for papilloma? | surgical excision removal of base to prevent reoccurance |
what are 3 premalignant lesions? | leukoplakia erythoplakia epithelial dysplasia |
leukoplakia | "white plaque" (clinical term not histologic term) biopsy needed to establish definitive Dx most due to hyperkeratosis or epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis can't be rubbed off |
how does leukoplakia appear microscopically? | may show epithelial dysplasia (premalignant condition) or squamous cell carcinoma ~5-25% reveal epithelial dysplasia |
tx for leukoplakia | dependent on histologic finding |
leukoplakia-Snuffer's keratosis | aka. tobacco pouch keratosis |
most leukoplakia are: | asymptomatic result of hyperkeratosis result of hyperkeratosis comboed w/ epithelial hyperplasia tx depends on histo findings area at increased risk for SCC |
erythroplakia | located on floor or mouth, tongue, soft palate can appear as: smooth red patch, granular red and velvety patch <common than leukoplakia >serious than leukoplakia |
what is speckled leukoplakia? | subcatogory of erythroplakia lesion shows a mix of red and white areas |
how does erythroplakia appear microscopically? | 90% of cases demonstartes epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma |
tx of erythroplakia | dependent on histologic Dx |
epithelial dysplasia | premalignant, disordered growth, precedes squamous cell carcinoma, changes may revert to normal if stimulus is removed |
how can epithelial dysplasia appear clinically? | erythematous, white, mixed erythematous and white |
(T/F)Dysplasia in other tissues is not considered a premalignant process | True. |
tx of epithelial dysplasia | surgical excision |
(T/F) epithelial dysplasia is carcinoma in situ | True. severe dysplasia involving full thickness of epithelium |
squamous cell carcinoma | aka. epidermoid carcinoma malignant tumor of squamous epithelium *most primary common primary malignancy of oral cavity can infiltrate adjacent tiss. and form distant metastases (lymph nodes in neck, lungs, <3) can infiltrate and destroy bone |
how does squamous carinoma appear clinically? | exophytic ulcerative mass |
how does SCC microscopically? | tumor cells invade CT underlying epithelial basement membrane well-differentiated tumors show keratin -keratin pearls, usually seen in individual cells w/in tumor |
where can SCC appear in the oral cavity? | *most often on floor of mouth ventrolateral tongue, soft palate, tonsillar pillar, retromolar areas *vermillion border of lips, skin of face locations have better Px than of oral mucosa |
what's the interaction of SCC and sun exposure? | causes lips to turn from dark pink to mottled grayish pink interface becomes blurred, linear fissures seen at right angles to line of interface |
who does SCC affect the most? | over 40s mostly men, incidence has increased in women |
solar cheilitis | subcategory of squamous cell carcinoma condition in which mild to severe epithelial dysplasia occurs |
risk factors of squamous cell caricnoma | tobacco alcohol consumption |
tx and px of squamous cell carinoma | surgical excision, radion therapy, chemotherapy (these patients may have xerostomia) TNM can be used to determine px (higher stage, worse px) |
TNM Staging- Tumor | T1- <2cm in diameter T2- 2-4cm in diameter T3- > 4cm in diameter T4- invades adjacent structures |
TNM Staging- Node | N0- no palpable nodes N1- ipsilateral palpable nodes N2- contralateral or bilateral nodes N3- fixed palpable nodes |
TMN Staging- Metastasis | M0- no distant metastasis (so none at all?) M1- clinical metastasis |
verrucous carcinoma | form of SCC slow growing exophytic tumor w/ pebbly red and white surface *msot cases in men 55+ and involve vestibule and buccal mucosa |
how does verrucous carcinoma appear microscopically? | tumor w/ numerous papillary epithelial projections papillary projections filled w/ keratin epithelium well differentiated, doesn't contain atypical cells, exhibits broad-based rete pegs, tumor doesn't show invasion through basement membrane |
tx of verrucous carcinoma | surgical excision |
basal cell carcinoma | malignant skin tumor assoc. w/ excesive exposure sun arises on skin of face appears as nonhealing ulcer w/ charct. rolled borders white adults w/ no sex predilection |
how does basal cell carcinoma appear microscopically? | composed of basal cells into underlying CT |
tx of basal cell carcinoma | surgical excision radiation therapy rarely metastasizes |
name 4 salivary tumors | pelomorphic adenoma monomorphic adenoma adenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindroma) mucoepidermoid carcinoma |
salivary gland tumors | may arise in either major or minor salivary glands -minor salivary gland tumors most often located at junction of hard and soft palate |
adenomas/adenocarcinomas | benign/malignant tumors of salivary glands |
pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumor) | benign salivary gland tumor 90% of all salivary gland tumors |
how does pelomorphic adenoma appear microscopically? | encapsulated tumor composed of tiss. that appears to be a mix of both epithelium and CT |
what is the most common extraoral location of pleomorphic adenoma? | parotid gland |
what is the most common intraoral location of pleomorphic adenoma? | palate |
how does pleomorphic adenoma appear clinically? | appears as slowly enlarging, nonulcerated, painless, dome-shaped mass occurs individuals <40 yrs more often in women than men |
tx of pleomorphic adenoma | surgical excision reoccurence related to success of initial surgical removal |
does carcinoma arise in a pleomorphic adenoma? | yes, these lesions have been known to undergo malignant transformation |
monomorphic adenoma | benign, encapsulated salivary gland tumor *occurs < often than pleomorphic tumor uniform pattern of epithelial cells *occurs most commonly adult females upper lip + buccal mucosa |
tx of monomorphic adenoma | surgical excision |
Warthin tumor-monomorphic adenoma | aka.papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum encapsulated tumor w/ epithelial + lymphoid tiss. (painless, soft, fluctuant mass) occurs parotid gland occurs adult malen |
tx of warthin tumor-monomorphic adenoma | surgical excision |
adenoid cystic carcinoma | aka. clindroma slow growing malignant tumor of salivary gland organ most common extraoral-parotid most common inftraoral-palate > common women > common 5th and 6th decades |
how does adenoid cystic carcinoma appear microscopically? | unencapsulated, infiltrates surrounding tiss. small, deeply staining, uniform epithelial cells resembles "swiss cheese" |
tx for adenoid cystic carcinoma | surgical excision, radiation, reoccurence is common, poor Px is distant metastases |
mucoepidermoid carcinoma | malignant salivary gland tumor nonencapsulated, infiltrating females made of mucous cells w/ epidermoid cells |
how does mucoepidermoid carcinoma appear clinically? | slowly enlarging mass, usually adults *most common malignant salivary gland tumor in kids major glands-parotid minor gland-palate |
tx of mucoepidermoid carcinoma | surgical excision w/ follow-up survival rate low as 50% after 5 yrs |
random mucoepidermoid carcinoma shit | may occur w/in bone (r/l) in mandibular premolar/molar region, can be salivary tiss. trapped in bone or from tranformed epithelial lining of dentigerous cyst |
odontogenic tumors | derived from tooth-forming tiss. composed of epithelium, mesenchyme or mixed most benign |
epithelial odontogenic tumors | ameloblastoma calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor calcifying odontogenic cyst |
mesenchymal odontogenic tumors | odontogenic myxoma cementifying fibroma ossifying fibroma and ossifying fibroma benign cementoblastoma |
mixed odontogenic tumors | amelobastic fibroma ameloblastic fibro-odontoma odontoma |
peripheral odontognic tumors | peripheral ossifying fibroma other peripheral odontogenic tumors |
ameloblastoma | benign slow-growing, locally aggressive epithelial odontogenci tumor occurs max. and man. most often mandible in molar/ramus area unencapsulated, infiltrates into surrounding tiss. |
how do ameloblastomas appear radiographically? | multiocular soap-bubble, or honey-combed r/l occurs anywhere w/in jaw, can occur in assoc. w/ dentigerous cyst causes bone expansion occurs in adults |
tx of ameloblastoma | surgical removal, reoccurence coomon |
calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor | aka. pindborg tumor benign epithelial odontogenic tumor composed of polyhedral epithelial cells, amyloid like material abnormal enamel seen w/ calcifications occurs in adults |
how does the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor appear radiographically? | uniocular or mutliocular r/l occurs >mandible than max., most often bicuspid/molar area |
tx for calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor | surgical excision |
calcifying odontogenic cyst | nonaggressive lined by odontogenic epithelium ghost cell shit > common indivudals under 40 |
how do calcifying odontogenic cysts appear radiographically? | well defined lesion r/l uniocular or multiocular calcifications may be r/o |
tx for calcifying odontogenic cysts | surgical enuleation usually doesn't reoccur |
odontogenic myxoma | benign, well circumscribed composed of fibrous tiss. w/ calcifications classified as fibroosseous lesion |
ossifying fibromas | benign well circumscribed tumor composed fibrous CT, calcifications occurs in adults, 3-4th decades most cases in mandible |
how does ossifying fibromas appear microscopically | contains fibrous CT and calcifications cemento-ossifying tiss. |
how does ossifying fibromas appear radiographically? | varies r/l to r/o depending on amount of calcified tiss. |
tx of ossifying fibromas | surgical excision reoccurence rare |
perpherial ossifying fibroma | well demarcated sessile or pedunculated lesion orgins-interdental papilla derives from pdl cells > common in women |
tx of peripheral ossifying fibroma | surgical ecision w/ thorough scaling of adjacent teeth to remove irritants that can induce regrowth 16% recurrence rate |
benign cementoblastoma | cementum-producing lesion fused to roots of vital teeth |
how does benign cementoblastoma appear radiographically | well defined r/o mass surrounded w/ radiolucent halo seen mandibular molar or premolar teeth occurs young adults pain frequent symptom |
how does benign cementoblastoma appear microscopically? | proliferation of cellular cementum fused to root or roots of affected tooth |
tx of benign cementoblastoma | enulceation of tumor, removal of involved tooth doesn't reoccur |
ameloblastic fibroma | benign, non encapsulated odontogenic tumor tiss. resembles dental papilla most cases in <20yr old > in males > common in mandibular bicuspid and molar region |
how does ameloblastic fibroma appear radiographically? | well defined or poorly defined uniocular or multiocular r/l |
tx for ameloblastic fibroma | surgical excision low recurrence rate |
odontoma | odontogenic tumor composed of enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp tiss. occurs young adults + yound adults most common clinical manifestations is failure of permanent tooth to erupt 2 types- complex and compound |
odontoma- complex | mass (odontogenic tiss.) doesn't resemble teeth (posterior mandible) radio.-r/o mass |
odontoma- compound | collection of numerous of small teeth (usually in anterior maxilla) radio. cluster of miniture teeth |
tx of odontoma | surgical ecision |
osteosarcoma | malignant tumor of bone forming tiss. >common primary malignancy of bone in pt under 40 painful, diffuse swelling, destructive may initally present as toothache/mobility |
how does osteosarcoma appear radiographically? | poorly defined lesion, widening of pdl space |
tx of osteosarcoma | chemo followed by surgery 20% survival rate of Syra |
peripheral ossifying fibroma | |
how does osteosarcoma appear radiographically? | poorly defined lesion, widening of pdl space |
tx of osteosarcoma | chemo followed by surgery 20% survival rate of Syra |
peripheral ossifying fibroma | |
how does osteosarcoma appear radiographically? | poorly defined lesion, widening of pdl space |
tx of osteosarcoma | chemo followed by surgery 20% survival rate of Syra |
peripheral ossifying fibroma | well demarcated sessile, or pedunculated lesion, females origins gingival interdental papilla (most likely from pdl cells) composed fibrous CT w/ bone and calcifications |
what other fibromas is peripheral ossifying fibroma similar to? | cementifying and ossifying fibromas |
other peripheral odontogenic tumors | rare lesions occur in gingiva, no bone invvolvment -peripheral ameloblastoma -peripheral calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor tx.surgical excision |
Created by:
100000001783325
Popular Dentistry sets