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COH-epidemiologyterm
Assessment in Community/epid. common epidemiology terms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
basic screening | rapid assessment accomplished in short time by visual detection providing info about gross dental and oral lesions, can be accomplished w/ tongue blade, dental mirror4, appropriate lighting |
calibration | standardization of examiners as they apply epidemiologic measurements |
determinants | factors/events capable of bringing about change in health; various factors that make up multi-factorial approach to disease/health condition |
endemic | usual presence of disease in particular geographic region |
epidemic | occurrence of illness/condition in excess of normal expectancy in community/region, usually occurring suddenly and spreading rapidly |
epidemiologic exam | detailed visual-tactile assessment accomplished w/ dental instruments and light source in survey, provides more detailed info than basic screening, differs from clinical exam b/c doesn't have clinical diagnosis and resulting tx plan |
epidemiology | study of frequency and distribution of disease, disability, and death in pop. including nature, cause, control and determinants of health and disease, related factors |
eradication | elimination of infectious disease agent through surveillance and containment, contrasted to control, keeps disease at minimum level so no longer poses health problem |
incidence | rate of new cases of disease during/over given time period |
interexaminer reliability | agreement among two of more examiners as they apply index/instrument over time |
intraexaminer reliability | consistency of single examiner in application of index/instrument over times |
mobidity | extent of disease,injury,disability in defined population |
mortality | death rate resulting from specific disease/condition |
mutlifactorial | concept that more than single cause must be present for disease/health condition to occur; multiple causation |
pandemic | epidemic in which disease may cross international borders to affect several countries/continents |
positive reversal | change of measurement made in error in logical direction |
predictive value | ability of diagnostic test measure presence and absence of disease |
pandemic | epidemic in which disease may cross international borders to affect several countries/continents |
specificity | ability of a test to accurately identify the absence of disease/condition |
positive reversal | change of measurement made in error in logical direction |
predictive value | ability of diagnostic test measure presence and absence of disease |
prevalence | numerical expression of # of all existing cases of disease/health condition in pop. measured at given point/period of time |
specificity | ability of a test to accurately identify the absence of disease/condition |
surveillance | ongoing observation, assessing changes in populations related to disease, conditions, injuries, disabilities, death trends |
trend | long-term changes/movements in disease patterns and health-related conditions identified by examining surveillance data |
validity | accuracy of measurement produced by measuring what is supposed to be measured |
case study | to conduct in-depth report on single person, group, event, situation |
Cohort(longitudinal) | to study same population over extended period of time |
cross-sectional | to study cross-section of population in limited period of time |
experimental (prospective) | to investigate case and effect relationship, involves manipulation of variables |
etiology | causation for disease/condition |
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