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| NAFTA | Established a trade bloc (free trade agreement) implemented January 1, 1994, between Canada, the United States and Mexico |
| Trade Bloc | A large free trade area formed by one or more tax, tariff and trade agreements. Typically trade pacts that define such a bloc specify formal adjudication bodies, e.g. NAFTA trade panels. This may include even a more democratic and particip |
| Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) | Administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides grants to States, and States to eligible applicants, to implement long-term hazard mitigation measures after a major disaster. |
| Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Purpose | Reduce the loss of life and property due to natural disasters and to enable mitigation measures to be implemented during the immediate recovery from a disaster. |
| e-Government | Refers to government’s use of information and communication technology (ICT) to exchange information and services with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. |
| e-Government | Includes internet, telephone, fax, PDA, SMS text messaging, MMS, and 3G, GPRS, WiFi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, etc.. |
| Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) | A regional boundary, set in an attempt to control urbanization by designating the area inside the boundary for higher density urban development and the area outside the boundary for lower density rural development. |
| Green Belt | A policy or land use designation used in land use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighbouring urban areas. |
| Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) | A method for protecting land by transferring the "rights to develop" from one area and giving them to another. |
| Purchase of Development Rights (PDR) | A method for protecting land, where a landowner voluntarily sells his development rights to a governmental agency or a land trust. The land owner is paid the difference between the current value of the land and the land’s potential development value. |
| Dillon's Rule | Municipal governments only have the powers that are expressly granted to them by the state legislature, those that are necessarily implied from that grant of power, and those that are essential and indispensable to the municipality's existence |
| Vested Right | Refers to when a developer/property owner has the right to develop a property - if they have a building permit, have relied on a public official, have made a substaintial investment etc. |
| Zoning Text Amendment | Changes the rules regarding the use and development of every property in a specified zoning district |
| Zoning map amendment | Change the zoning from residential to commercial on the property |
| Variance | an administrative exception to land use regulations, generally in order to compensate for a deficiency in a real property which would prevent the property from complying with the zoning regulation. |
| Replat | Any change in any street layout, other public improvement; lot line; amount of land reserved for public use or the common use of lot owners; & easements shown on the approved plat. |
| Kelo v. City of New London (2005) | Affirmed the use of eminent domain for economic development |
| Lingle v. Chevron (2005) | Jettisoned the "substantially advances" test for takings |
| Highest population density according to the 2000 | New York has a population density of 10,292 people per kilometer. San Francisco has a density of 6,423 per kilometer. |
| Americans with Disabilities Act | 1990 |
| Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) | Was adopted in 1972 to provides funding for coastal state programs designed to coordinate and regulate specific activities within defined coastal zones |
| National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 | Required both the private and public sectors to conform to certain environmental standards |
| Enterprise fund | Established to manage the revenues and expenditures of a golf course |
| UGB | Urban Growth Boundary is the most effective method for preventing development in specified geographic areas. |
| Christopher Stone's book Should Trees Have Standing | The Sierra Club v. Morton, Secretary of the Interior (1972) case where the Sierra Club attempted to block the development of a ski resort in the Mineral King Valley in the Sequoia National Forest. |
| Indian Reorganization Act (1934) | Allowed Native Americans to adopt a constitution and organize for their common welfare |
| City Beautiful Movement | Includes civic design as a primary principle. Cities such as DC and Chicago had large parks, statues, and well-designed public meetings. |
| Fred French Investing Co. v. City of New York | Found that Transfer of Development Rights is an inappropriate method to compensate the landowner for a taking by the City of New York. |
| Fiscal impact analysis | Best used for a single development project to determine the revenues and expenses of the project. |
| New Urbanism | Peter Calthorpe |
| Advocacy Planning in Cleveland | Krumholz |
| Smart growth | Promotes a variety of housing choices to allow people of all income and household types to have a place to live. |
| Section 8 | This housing program provides funds to pay a portion of the rent for low-income households. The amount paid depends on the household income |
| Concentric Circle Theory | Ernest Burgess (1925). Cities grow in a series of outward rings. Centered by a business district surrounded by a transition zone filled with low-income, high-crime area, then a working-class residential zone, then a middle-class residential zone, and fina |
| Neotraditional Development | Calls for nodes of activity that provide Mixed Use, Multimodal Use and Contains Public Spaces |
| BART | 1972, San Francisco |
| Plat | Consists of a map, drawn to scale, showing the divisions of a piece of land. |
| First shopping center | Northgate Shopping Center, Seatle Washington, 1950 |
| First modern, enclosed regional shopping mall | Town and Country Shopping Center, 1954 |
| Edge City | Relatively new concentration of business, shopping and entertainment outside a traditional urban area, in what had recently been a residential suburb or semi-rural community, coined by Joel Garreau (1991) |
| Daylighting | the practice of placing windows, or other transparent media, and reflective surfaces so that, during the day, natural light provides effective internal illumination. |
| Transect | A term used by New Urbanist town planners to refer to the varieties of land use from an urban core to a rural boundary. |
| Workforce Housing | Can refer to almost any housing, but always refers to "affordable housing - Defined by four principal factors: Affordability, Home ownership, Critical workforce & proximity to employment centers |
| What type of land accounts for about 2/3 of the privately held lands in the US? | Agricultural |
| Empowerment Zone | An economically depresed area designated for governmental subsidies and tax incentives. |
| 43,560 | Square feet in an acre. |
| Advocacy Planner | Serves a variety of groups with different goals and interests. |
| Cincinnati | First city to adopt a comprehemsive plan |
| Primary purpose of a fiscal impact analysis | To assist city or county officials determine if a project will generate sufficient revenue to defray necessary public service costs |
| Important elements of a Historic Preservation Program | Educational materials for historic building owners, design guidelines for historic building renovations and Tax incentives to encourage renovation
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| LULU | Locally Undesirable Land Uses such as waste dump |
| Megalopolis | An area with multiple-cities with a combined population of more than 10 million inhabitants |
| Which city was home to the first Council of Government? | Chicago |
| Which of the following cities experienced the greatest population decrease between 1990 and 2000? | Detroit |
| Metropolitan Planning Organizations | Responsible for reviewing and coordinating programs affecting the region, certifying that a project to be federally funded will be consistent with regional plans or regional development goals and working w/ municipalities to coordinate roadway plans |
| The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook | Created by the APA to encourage states to revise their standard state zoning enabling acts?
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| President Clinton did which of the following in 2000? | Created eight new national monuments. |
| President George H. Bush did which of the following in 1994? | Signed NAFTA legislation |
| Vieux Carre Commission | Was the first Historic Preservation Commission for the French Quarter in New Orleans, formed in the 1930's. |
| Lowering a thermostat by 1 degree Fahrenheit can reduce a heating bill by | 3% |
| The amount of goods and serviced produced in the United States during a year | Gross Domestic Product |
| How many federally recognized Native American tribes are there in the United States? | 562 |
| Non-IRA tribes | Did not organize under the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act. |
| How much solid waste does the typical household create? | Approximately 4.5 lbs. per person, per day. |
| Regression | The analysis between two or more variables (x) and (y). |
| Urban Development Action Grant (UDAG) program | Established 1977 to help distressed communities develop economically. facilitates public-private partnerships,attempts to encourage redevelopment in urban areas and encouraged intergovernmental cooperation for redevelopment projects |
| Hoover Dam is located on the border of which states? | Arizona & Nevada |
| Which city had the first metropolitan plan in the United States? | Chicago |
| When was the first National Conference on City Planning? | 1909 |
| How is the official unemployment rate calculated? | Individuals unemployed divided by individuals 16 years of age and older in the labor force |
| Concentric Zone Theory | The use of “invasion-succession” in describing dynamics, finds that growth happens by land uses expanding outward from one area to another. |
| Indian Reorganization Act | 1934 - organization of Native Americans and allowed Native Americans to adopt a constitution and organize for their common welfare. |
| Limnology | The study of (natural and manmade) lakes and ponds, rivers and streams, wetlands and groundwaters. |
| Census Tract | A small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a county with a population of 1,500 to 8,000 persons. |
| The the first modern, “comprehensive” zoning enacted. First zoning ordinance to contain land use, density, AND building bulk controls.
| New York City, 1916 |
| The Morrill Act (1862) | Congress gave public land to each state to be sold for the establishment of “engineering, agriculture, and military sciences” colleges? |
| Zero Lot Line | A form of development where the the building is sited on one or more lot lines with no yard, the intent of which is to allow a more flexible site design and to increase the amount of usable open space. |
| What year did the Panama Canal open? | 1914 |
| The first Council of Government was created in what year? | 1954 |
| Storm sewers are typically designed to handle up to what year flood? | 25 |
| Dezoning | Reducing the intensity of zoning on a site. |
