Praxis II test 0014 social studies - anthro, soc, psych
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physical anthropology | the study of physical characteristics and differences between groups of people
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cultural anthropology | the study and comparison of ancient and modern cultures and groups of people which include: food getting structures, economic systems, social stratification, patterns in residence, political organizations, religions and arts
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social stratification | the distribution of rights and obligations, power and authority and goods and services within society. THere are five main types: family, norms, marriage, residence, authority
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three patterns of residence | neo-local (couples choose a place of residence separate from either set of parents (most common in the West), Matrilocal (uxorilocal) - lives near family of wife, Patrilocal (virilocal) - live hear family of husband
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two types of authority | patriarchal - male has the power and authority demonstrated in the personal as well as governmental law (Japan, Iran, Thailand); matriarchal - female has power and authority often times being the oldest maternal figure
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three types of society based on authority | egalitarian, rank, class
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egalitarian | no one social group has greater access to economic resources, power, or prominence than another. Economic differences hold no bearing upon prominence within the society. For example a cook and a doctor have equal access to societal possessions
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rank | economic resources and power are equal to all social groups, but prominence is unequally distributed. Often a ruler or chief maintain the highest prominence and status
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class | there is unequal distribution in economic resources, power and prominence among social groups. it can be a closed system (no ability to move into a higher rank) or an open system (the ability to move to a higher rank)
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socialization | the acceptance and practice of behavior patterns of a culture (following the norms)
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acculturation | the modification and adaptation of an individual or group as a result of contact or interaction with another culture. it can also be the manner by which an individual learns a culture
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stereotypes | unsophisticated and strongly held beliefs about the characteristics of a group of people
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three developmental theorists | Piaget, Freud, Erikson
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Piaget | sensori-motor (0-2), pre-operational (2-7), concrete operational (7-11), formal operations (12+)
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Freud | oral (infancy), anal (1-3), phallic (3-5), latency (6-puberty), genital (after puberty)
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Erikson | trust v mistrust(0-1.5),autonomy v self-doubt(1.5-3),initiative v guild(3-6), competence v inferiority(6-puberty), identity v role confusion(adole),intimacy v isolation(early adult),generativity v stagnation(mid adult), ego-integrity v despair(late adult)
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