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Unit #5 - Vocabulary
Terms and Concepts to Remember
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consciousness | Our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| Circadian Rhythm | The biological clock;regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle |
| REM sleep | Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active. |
| Alpha waves | The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state |
| Sleep | Periodic, natural loss of consciousness--as distinct from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation |
| Hallucinations | False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus |
| Delta waves | The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep |
| NREM sleep | Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep. |
| Insomnia | Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep |
| Narcolepsy | A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. |
| Sleep apnea | A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings |
| Night terrors | A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered. |
| Dream | A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of content and later difficulty remembering it |
| Manifest content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream |
| Latent Content | According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream |
| REM rebound | The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation |
| Hypnosis | A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain feelings, perceptions, thought, or behaviors will spontaneously occur. |
| Posthypnotic suggestion | A suggestion made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors. |
| Dissociation | A split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. |
| Psychoactive drug | A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods |
| Tolerance | The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect. |
| Withdrawal | The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug. |
| Physical dependence | A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. |
| Psychological dependence | A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions |
| Addiction | Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences |
| Depressants | Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions |
| Barbiturates | Drugs that depress the activity of the Central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment |
| Opiates | Opium and its derivatives that depress neural activity temporarily lessening pain and anxiety |
| Stimulants | Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions |
| Amphetamines | Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes |
| Methamphetamine | A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels. |
| Ecstasy | a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition |
| Hallucinogens | Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory need. |
| LSD | A powerful hallucinogenic drug also known as acid. |
| Near death experience | An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death often similar to drug-induced hallucinations |
| THC | the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations. |
Created by:
AP Psychology 2011
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