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PRAXIS 2 0049 3
Stages of and Teaching Writing
Question | Answer |
---|---|
11 Principles for teaching writing | 2004, NCTE |
1st principle capacity | everyone can be taught to write, teachers help student to become better writers. |
2nd principle learn by doing | people learn to write by writing |
3rd priciple process | writing is a process |
4th principle tool | writing is a tool for thinking |
5th principle dif't purposes | writing grows out of many differnt purposes |
6th principle conventions important | conventions of finished and edited texts are important to readrs and therefore to writers. |
7th principle WR & R related | writng and reading are related |
8th principle Talk:Writing complicated | Writng has a complex relationship to talk |
9th principle embedded in social relationships | literate practices are embedded in complicated social relationships |
10th principle dif't modalities & techniques | Composing occurs in different modalities and techniques. |
11th principle assessment - human judgement | Assessment of writign involves complex, informed, human judgemment |
2 aspects of strategies writers use | 1. routine of process, 2. reflective avilty ( meta-cogniton) |
writing is recursive | shifting between the differnt stages as needed |
Stages of Writng | prewriting, drafting,revising, editing and evaluating, final rewrite, publish |
prewriting stage | planning phase |
PW1 choose topic | brainstorm, think/reflect, talking/remembering,jotting ides/ drwing,reading/researching, observing/viewing, freewriting, use journal, lit; think of purpose, audience |
PW1 purpose | civic discourse, supporting growth, reflecting on experince, communicating academically/professionally, building relationships, aesthetic experience OR explin/inform, persuade, exression of thoughts, feelingsopinions, describe |
PW1 delimit topic | to address in time allowedand word or page limit |
PW2 Organizing thoughts | strategies such as: making lists, semantic webbing, drwing or sketching, brainstorming |
PW3 Audience | Who? How old? Backgound knowldege? Their interests/opinions |
PW3 Types of Audiences | untrained or lay, managerial, experts |
PW4 Point of view | in light of averythin should I wrote in first, second, third voice? |
PWa.1 Research and Documentation | 1. establish time frame, 2. pick topic to be reshaped as research, lead to thesis statemnt., 3.consult identified sources(reading) 4. biblio info on 3x5's w/ info. 5. prliminary outline |
PWa.2 Final Steps | outline, organize cards, rough draft, revise, rewite, (check documentation), proofread |
Drafting | ideas go onto paper |
D1 Introduction | Write interesting intro. to express main idea |
D2 Use notes (cards) | use the3se as guide, but depart from when good idea comes along. |
D3 Writing | write quickly and stop often to read what is written, to move logically from one thought to another |
D4 return to prewritng prn | to gather more ideas and clarify thinking |
D5 Conclusion | Write one that drives home your point |
Revising | critical look at work and make changes as needed; a way of learning more about topic and clarifying thinking |
Editing and Evaluating | spelling, grammar, punctuation; personal editing checklists |
Proofread | proofread and make corrections |
Publish | presneting writing in final form and getting to target audience |