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Chapter 2
Government in America
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| National Supremacy Clause | The founding fathers created the Constitution to be the supreme law of all of the United States of America. It is called a “living document” because of its ability to grow and change with the times |
| Declaration of Independence | Establishes “unalienable rights” as the cornerstone of natural rights. Grievances—the “case” against Britain. (Taxation w/o representation, quartering of British soldiers) |
| Consent of the Governed | Founders tried to create a government based on the consent of the governed. People must agree on who their rulers will be |
| Articles of Confederation | 1st government of the United States. One house (Congress)—no power to tax, amendments had to have unanimous consent. NO President & No Court System |
| Anti-Federalists | Opposed the new Constitution, feared the new Constitution would erode fundamental liberties, & argued that the new Constitution was a class-based document serving the economic elite |
| Bill of Rights | First ten Amendments to the Constitution passed AFTER ratification specifically protecting individual liberties to fulfill promises made by the Federalists to the Anti-Federalists in return for their support |
| Checks & Balances | Each branch requires the consent of the others for many of its decisions. (Examples: president can veto bills, the Senate must approve presidential appointments, and the courts have judicial review) |
| Connecticut Compromise | Plan adopted at the Constitutional Convention to provide for two chambers in Congress, one representing states equally and the other representing states on the basis of their share of the population |
| Constitution | A nation’s basic law creating institutions, dividing power, and providing guarantees to citizens |
| Equal Rights Amendment | First proposed in 1923, passed by Congress in 1972, but was not ratified by 3/4ths of the states; its purpose mandated equality of rights under the law regardless of gender |
| Factions | Groups of people, currently known as political parties or interest groups, who arise as a result of unequal distribution of wealth to seize the reins of government in their own interest |
| Federalist Papers | Articles written to convince others to support the new Constitution |
| Federalists | Argued for ratification of the Constitution by writing the Federalist Papers; included Madison, Hamilton, and Jay |
| Judicial Review | The courts have the power to decide whether the actions of the legislative and executive branches of state and national governments are in accordance with the Constitution |
| Limited Government | Clear restrictions on what rulers could do; this safeguards natural rights |
| Marbury v. Madison | Judicial review was established in this 1803 Supreme Court case |
| Natural Rights | These are rights people are entitled by natural law; including life, liberty, and property |
| New Jersey Plan | A plan by some of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention to provide each state with equal representation in Congress |
| Republic | A system based on the consent of the governed where power is exercised by representatives of the public |
| Separation of powers | Each branch of government would be independent of the others |
| US Constitution | The document where the foundations of US government are written, providing for national institutions that each have separate but not absolute powers |
| Virginia Plan | A plan by some of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention to provide each state with a share of congressional seats based on its share of the population |
| Writ of habeas corpus | This enables people who are detained by authorities to secure an immediate inquiry and reasons why they have been detained (Except in times of WAR) |
| Article I | Legislative |
| Article II | Executive |
| Article III | Judicial |
| Article IV | Relations among states |
| Article V | Amendment Process |
| Article VI | National Supremacy Clause |
| Article VII | Ratification |
| Commerce Clause | Maybe the greatest power of Congress. (40 hour work week, child labor laws, commerce among states) |
Created by:
rippnedy
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