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Western Civic 2
Final Test flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| German Kaiser who fired Bismark and ruled Germany in the late 1800 and 1900s | Wilhelm II |
| A system of alliances began by bismark, which had the effect, of creating two hostile powers once bismark was gone. | European Alliance System |
| A pre-World War 1 alliance among Britain, France and Russia which called upon each member to aid the other. | Triple Entente |
| Term used to identify the stalemate, which quickly developed after World War I began; it was a situation in which neither side could advance and hundreds of thousands of soldiers were slaughtered while living in unimaginably horrible conditions | Trench Warfare |
| - Treaty negotiated between the new Russian Communist government and Germany, which resulted in a) Russia’s withdrawal from World War I, and b) significant territorial losses for Russia | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
| The situation which triggered the United States’ entry into World War I ; the German naval policy of attacking shipping to England and France | Unrestricted Submarine Warfare - |
| Message to Mexico from Germany proposing an alliance during World War I which promised New Mexico, Arizona and Texas to Mexico if they would ally with Germany | Zimmerman Telegram - |
| United States president during World War I | Woodrow Wilson - |
| - American President’s plan for post-war Europe, which included self-determination for the peoples of states, formerly a part of the Austrian Empire; this plan also included a proposal for an international organization dedicated to keeping the peace | 14 Points |
| Forerunner to the United Nations; an organization created by the European victors after World War I, which was designed to prevent future wars by resolving differences diplomatically; the United States and Germany were not members of this organization | League of Nations - |
| The new government formed in Germany in 1918 after the Kaiser abdicated; this government lasted until Hitler came to power in 1931 | Weimar Republic - |
| - The post World War I treaty defining the settlement which applied to Germany including loss of territory, reparations, size of army, etc.; this treaty was unwisely too harsh and its terms are considered during Hitler’s rise to power | Versailles Treaty - |
| The revolutionaries who took over Russia in 1917 following the demonstrations which brought down the provisional government; this party changed its name to Communists | Bolsheviks - |
| Leader of the revolution which toppled the Russian government; he remained in power to lead the new Communist government which took power after the revolution | Vladamir Lenin |
| is the opposite of liberal democracy. suppresses individual liberty; eliminates private institutions does away with competing political parties. and enforces ideology through technology and bureaucracy | Totalitarianism – |
| An organization created by the Russian Communist leadership to export Communism to the rest of the world; this organization assisted new Communist groups forming around the world | Comintern- |
| Communist leader in Russia following Lenin; his goal to make Russia the greatest industrial power in the world, greater than any in the West;he was responsible for the deaths of millions of Russians because of his harsh policies;led Russia during World Wa | Joseph Stalin |
| Plans to industrialize Russia designed by Stalin to make Russia the greatest industrial and military power in the world; these plans created great hardships for the Russian people | Five Years Plan |
| A process whereby all private ownership was eliminated; in Russia under the Communists,; this resulted in peasants losing their land; farming became a joint enterprise among the people who lived on the new large government-owned farms | collectivization |
| Label applied to regimes after World War I which were anti-democratic and anti-Communist; these regimes took over Germany and Italy, along with a number of other European countries; a “new order” was being created and the nation was to be reborn and led | Fascism |
| The fascist leader who took over Italy in the 1920s | Benito Mussolini |
| Leader of the Nazi party in Germany who took over Germany in the 1930s and led the world to war | Adolf Hitler |
| Marauding Bands of semi-organized fighting units that formed in Germany after World War I; they engaged in street fighting and open warfare | Free Corps |
| 1923 Agreement, which provided loans for German recovery and stipulated the reparation payments Germany was to make to the victors of World War I | Dawes Plan |
| - German word for coup d’etat | Putsch |
| Book written by Adolf Hitler in 1920s in which he outlined his ideology and his objectives for Germany | Mein Kampf |
| The German word for leader | Fuhrer |
| In English, “night of the broken glass”; November 9, 1938, the night the Nazis destroyed Jewish businesses and Synagogues | Kristallnacht |
| Special Nazi forces that carried out the terror policies of the Nazi regime including running the Concentration Camps | The SS |
| Spanish General who became the dictator in Spain by defeating Spanish republican forces in the 1930s | Franco |
| In 1929 this cataclysmic economic decline affected the whole world | Great Depresion |
| The policy followed by Britain and France that allowed Hitler’s aggression to go unchallenged until 1939 | Appeasement |
| The portion of Czechoslovakia populated by Germans; the Nazi regime demanded this area be turned over to the new German Reich; this area was given to Germany after the Munich Conference in 1938 | Sudeteland |
| English Prime Minister before World War II; his decisions vis-à-vis German acts of aggression are considered weak and dangerous, and encouraged Hitler to continue, rather than discontinue, his aggressive acts | Neville Chamberlain |
| German term for Lightening War; the strategy used by the German army at the beginning of World War II; it involved quick, efficient strikes at the enemy before he could organize his response | Blitzkrieg |
| English Prime Minister who led England during WWII | Winston Churchill |
| A defensive installation along France’s eastern border with Germany composed of permanent artillery installations facing East | Maginot Line |
| It was to the beaches at this location that British and French forces were driven in an attempt to escape the advancing German army; an heroic evacuation was accomplished | Dunkirk |
| The name of the collaborative government which ran Southern France after France’s defeat by Germany in World War II | Vichy |
| The extermination of approximately six million Jews by Nazi Germany | Holocaust |
| The name of the German general who attempted to assassinate Hitler in 1944 | Von Stauffenburg |
| The U.S. naval base attacked in December, 1941 by Japanese aircraft; this attack brought the United States into the war | Pearl Harbor |
| The naval battle in the Pacific in which the Unites States defeated Japan; this battle is considered the turning point of the war in the Pacific | Midway |
| The city in which the Germany Wehrmacht (army) was defeated by the Russian Army; this battle was considered the turning point of the war in Europe and the Wehrmacht was thereafter in retreat | Stalingrad |
| The allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944 | D-Day |
| Declaration by the U.S. President in 1947 that the United States would come to the aid of any country resisting subjugation by outside powers or armed minorities | Truman Doctrine |
| Post World War II policy in which the U.S. attempted to stop the spread of communism worldwide by not allowing the Soviet Union to gain additional areas of influence or control | containment |
| A post World War II policy in which the U.S. gave financial assistance to war ravaged countries of Europe to reestablish their economies | Marshall Plan |
| 1948 action by Stalin that closed access from the west to Berlin | Berlin blockade |
| An alliance system among American and European allies which provided for the defense of Europe (designed primarily in case of invasion or attack by the Soviet Union) | NATO |
| An alliance system among the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites | Warsaw Pact |
| of the U.S.S.R. during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) | Krushchev |
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