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Linguistique

Grammatical vocabulary

TermDefinition
Proposition s'organise autour du verbe : proposition indépendante/principale/subordonnée (V/S/C)
Proposition principale Ne dépend d'aucune autre, peut être discontinue, apporte les informations principales
Proposition subordonnée dépend d’une autre proposition, peut être complétive, circonstancielle, conditionnelle et relative
Préposition introduit un groupe nominal soit à un autre groupe nominal soit à un verbe ou adjectif, soit à l’ensemble d’une proposition. at/to/from/in/into/on/up/above/under/since/during/for/after/…
Conjonction (subordination/coordination) introduit une proposition entière et la relie à une autre proposition (ex: He listens to music while he works) = because/since/as/although/while/if/as long as/so/when
COD Le COD est construit directement, sans préposition, immédiatement après le verbe (se distingue du sujet). Pas possible de tourner la phrase au passif (ex : they stayed several days at the baron’s house.). Peut y avoir 2 COD dans une même phrase
COI Le COI est introduit à droite du verbe à l’aide d’une préposition (ex : They paid for the meal with small change). Peut devenir le sujet du passif. Le COI est souvent à gauche du verbe = questions, exclamations, propositions relatives.
Attribut du sujet Après les verbes de liaison (linkin verbs), un GN est un attribut du sujet (ex : the headmistress was a terrible tennis-player)  Listes de verbes de liaison qui peuvent être suivis d’un groupe nominal : be, remain, seem, prove, become).
Attribut de l'objet certains verbes d’opinion (consider, find, judge, imagine), verbes qui indiquent qu’on attribue à l’objet une fonction sociale ou un nom (appoint, crown, designate, elect, make, nominate, baptize, call, nickname)
Verbes bi-transitifs verbe qui a besoin d’un COD et d’un COI (ex : Johnny gave flowers to Laura) = tell/give
Verbes di-transitifs deux compléments (ex : they gave the monkeys some ripe bananas)
That déterminant, pronom, adverbe démonstratif/adverbe intensif/conjonction de subordination/pronom relatif
Adjectif épithète suivi d'un nom
Adjectif attribut avec le verbe être
Adjectif apposé avant le sujet
Created by: Candicemcn
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