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2015AICPFunctAreaPra
Natural Resources & Environ, Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| First Earth Day | April 22, 1970. |
| Metropolitan Water District of Southern California | The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California was created in 1927 in order to create the Colorado River Aqueduct. It was built between 1933 and 1941 and is owned and operated by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. It ran a wat |
| Effluent Standards | set restrictions on the discharge of pollutants into the environment. Effluent guidelines reduce the discharge of pollutants that have serious environmental impacts. The EPA has effluent guidelines for more than 50 categories. |
| Point Source Pollution | discharged directly from a specific site, such as a sewage treatment plant or an industrial pipe. |
| Non | point Source Pollution |
| Potable Water | water that is safe to drink. |
| Aquifer | one or more strata of rock or sediment that is saturated and sufficiently permeable to yield quantities of water to wells or springs; includes material that is currently used or could be used as a source of water within the target distance limit. |
| Estuary | an area where fresh water meets salt water. |
| Lagoon | a shallow body of water that is located alongside a coast. |
| Marsh | a type of freshwater, brackish water or saltwater wetland found along rivers, ponds, lakes, and coasts. It does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation. |
| Reservoir | a pond, lake, tank, or basin that can be used for the storage and control of water, and can be either natural or man |
| Surface Water | includes rivers, lakes, oceans, ocean |
| Swamp | a freshwater wetland that has spongy, muddy land and a lot of water. |
| Watershed | a region drained by, or contributing water to, a surface water body. |
| Wetlands | Include swamps, marshes, bogs, and other similar areas. Are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support vegetationadapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Can be natural or constructed. |
| Renewable energy sources | include solar, wind, geothermal |
| Clean Water Act, passed in 1977, an amendment to the Federal Water Pollutant Control Act of 1972. | This Act requires anyone wanting to discharge pollutants into a body of water to obtain a permit to do so. It also regulates the amount of water that may be discharged and the types of pollutants that may be released. |
| Point Source Discharge Permit | Must be obtained from the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) in order to discharge pollutants into the water. |
| Clean Air Act, passed in 1970, major amendments in 1977 and 1990 | The federal government sets ambient standards and the states must devise methods that enables these standards to be met. The Act monitors six pollutants:Ozone, Particulate Matter, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and Lead |
| Clean Air Act and Non-Attainment Standards | Must be a reduction in pollutants greater than the pollutants contributed by the source to received federal funding for metro areas not in attainment. As of September 2002, there were 124 non-attainment areas. |
| The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) resulted in the creation of the Council on Environmental Quality | The Act requires that the environmental impacts of a project be considered. An Environmental Assessment is required to determine whether there is a significant environmental impact. Requires preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). |
| The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 | The Act required Congressional approval for all wharfs, piers, or jetties, and the excavation or fill of navigable waters. prohibited the construction of any bridge, dam, dike, or causeway over any navigable waterway in the U.S. without approval. |
| The Water Pollutant Control Act of 1948 | Act allows the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service to prepare a comprehensive program for eliminating or reducing the pollution of interstate waters and tributaries and improving the sanitary condition of surface and underground waters. |
| The Water Quality Act of 1965 | Established the Water Pollution Control Administration within the Department of the Interior. This was the first time water quality was treated as an environmental concern rather than a public health concern. |
| The Clean Water Act of 1966 | Provided construction grants for wastewater treatment facilities. |
| The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, later amended in 1990 | Focused efforts to reduce polluted runoff in 29 coastal states. |
| The Federal Water Pollutant Control Act of 1972, amended the Water Pollutant Act of 1948 | This broadened authority over water pollution and restructured the authority for water pollution under the Environmental Protection Agency, changed the enforcement from water quality to regulating the amount of pollutants discharged from point sources. |
| The Endangered Species Act of 1973 Act was later amended in 1988. | Provided protection of animal and plant species that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designate as threatened or endangered. |
| The Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) of 1978 | Promoted alternative energy sources, energy efficiency, and reduced dependence on foreign oil. It also created a market for non |
| The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 | Created a $1.6 billion Superfund to clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites and requires major industries to report annual releases of toxic wastes into the air, water, or ground. |
| The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 | Provided EPA with the ability to control hazardous waste from the "cradle |
| The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 | Provided EPA with responsibility for reporting, record |
| Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) was originally passed in 1947 FIFRA was rewritten in 1972 when it was amended by the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act (FEPCA). | Established procedures for registering pesticides with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and established labeling provisions. FIFRA currently mandates that EPA regulate the use and sale of pesticides to protect human health and the environment. |
| Safe Drinking Water Act passed in 1974 | Ensures that drinking water is safe. It has been amended several times since. This law not only protects the end product, but also protects the sources of drinking water. |
| Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) | Required for federal projects significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. If the environmental assessment determines that there is a significant impact then an Environmental Impact Statement is required. |
| Brownfields | real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. |
| Superfund Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, andLiability Act (CERCLA) | There are more than 1,200 superfund sites across the U.S. A tax on the petroleum and chemical industries provide funding to help pay for the cleanup of superfund sites. The federal government provides cleanup funds through the Superfund. |
| Executive Order 12898, issued by President Clinton in 1994 | requires that federal agencies make environmental justice part of their mission by addressing the disproportionate adverse environmental and human health impacts of its policies, programs and activities on minority and low-income populations |
| The two air pollutants that are of most concern to the EPA are | tobacco smoke and radon |
| In order to reduce the cost of lighting homes, incandescent light bulbs can be replaced with | fluorescent or sodium bulbs |
| Biomass energy | uses organic material which is burned to create energy. |
| Methane | a naturally occurring byproduct of decaying plant and animal material. Methane gas is burned to produce electricity. |
| Hydroelectric power | typically associated with large dams. It uses falling water to produce power, which is moved through a turbine, causing it to spin. The spinning turbine is coupled with a generator, which produces energy. |
| Solar Energy | used to heat homes through solar panels. Solar power uses photovoltaic panels to convert sunlight directly into electricity. The panels can be added together to create large systems. |
| Wind power | growing in popularity in many parts of the U.S. 100 feet tall plus in order to catch the wind more efficiently. They can be found in coastal, mountain, or other regions with a constant wind supply. |
| Energy Efficiency | indicates the resistance to heat flow. The higher the R value, the greater the insulation. A minimum R value of 20 is recommended for residential use. |
| In order to make a building more energy efficient, builders use insulation. Insulation allows for more efficient heating of a building. Insulation is rated in terms of thermal resistance, called R value | |
| Reducing a thermostat one degree will result in money savings of between | 1 to 3%, according to energystar.gov. |
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cristinrae21
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