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On a graph, with the line, Y=n^x, if a number has too many decimal places then you may	round it.
With the graph function: y=f(x)Â±a, the line on the graph moves along the	y axis by the value of	Â±a.
The graph function that leads to the line(s) on a graph moving up or down the y axis by the value of 'a' is written as y=	f(x)±a.
If y=f(x+ a), then there's a change on the values on the graph on the	'x' axis by the value of	-a. If y=f(x-a), then there's a change on the values on the graph on the	'x' axis by the value of	a.
The function that leads to the line(s) on a graph moving right or left along the 'x' axis is written as y=	f(x±a). If that function is applied to a y='x'² line(where y=f(x)), then the equation of the line (y='x'²) changes to	y=(x±a)².
If y=kf(x), then the values of the points for the	y-axis are multiplied by the value of	k, so if k=0.5, they are	halved. If y=f(x)=x², when put into this functional transformation, it turns to y=	kx².
If y=f(kx), there is a multiplication of the x-value inside	the function by	k. Where y=f(x)=x², the transformation leads to y=	(kx)². If y=x²-bx+c, the transformation leads to y=	(kx)²-b(kx)+c. Additionally, the x axis value of the points on the graph are multiplied by	1/k.
If the line: y=x² is put through the function; y=f(k'x'), the equation of the line changes to	y=(kx)².
If the line y='x'Â² is put through the function; y=kf('x'), the equation of the line changes to	y=kx².
The vector for y=f(x)±a is	(0,±a), while the vector for y=f('x'±a) is	(±a,0).
In alphabetical order, the 4 types of transformation are	enlargement, reflection, rotation and translation.
With 'reflection', the mirror line is known as a	line of reflection.
If a shape is reflected by an axis of reflection, from the 'axis of reflection', both shapes are equally	apart, but compared to the other, they are	backwards.
If a shape is reflected along the line: y = x, then, for the reflection, the values of y and 'x' from the points on the original shape	swap.
To describe a rotation, the three pieces of information used are	the angle of rotation, the direction of the rotation and the centre of the rotation. The direction of rotation can be either	clockwise or anticlockwise. The center of rotation is the point about which the shape is	rotated.
When shapes are being enlarged on a graph, the point from which enlargement takes place is called the	centre of enlargement.
With 'enlargement', the value a shape is multiplied by, is known as the	scale factor.
With a negative scale factor, in terms of the centre of the enlargement, the new shape will appear on the	other side (of the centre of enlargement).
To find the 'centre of enlargement' after drawing two shapes, draw	lines that are	straight which connect corresponding	corners of both the	first-drawn and second-drawn shapes. The point where all the lines meet is the	centre of enlargement.
If shapes are 'similar' then corresponding angles are	equal and corresponding lengths are in the same	ratio. Using the ratio multiply or divide to find	unknown lengths.
While working with similar shapes if the lengths are in the ratio; a:n, the areas are in ratio:	a²:n². If areas are in the ratio; aÂ²:nÂ², the volumes are in the ratio:	a^3:n^3.
In a triangle in a semicircle (all corners touching the circumference), the angle subtended by the diameter is equal to	90°.
Angles in the same segment (angles at the circumference, subtended by the same arc) are	equal.
The angle subtended at the centre of a circle, subtended by an arc, is twice any angle subtended at any point on the	circumference.
With a circle, a cyclic quadilateral is 4-sided shape with each vertex touching the	circumference of the circle. Opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral (in terms of the circle) add up to	180 degrees. The exterior angle of A is equal to the angle that's	opposite A.
With a circle, the lengths of 2 tangents from a point are	equal.
If some-thing subtends, then it extends	underneath. In circles, angles subtended by the same arc or chord are	equal.
If a chord is drawn in a circle, it splits the circle into 2	segments; the larger one is known as the [] [], while the smaller one is called the [] []	major segment--minor segment--. The angle made by the point of contact of a chord and a tangent, and the angle that is in the alternate (i.e. other) segment, subtended by the same chord, are	equal.
The limits of y = sine θ¸ are both	1 and -1. When y='sine x', the line on the graph looks like a w..	..ave that repeatedly goes above and below the	'x' axis every(in degrees)	180 degrees or (in radians)	pi radians.
A right angled triangle has 'c' the hypotenuse, 'b' the horizontal leg and 'a' the other side. In terms of sides, a/c=	sine('theta') {which in terms of csc('theta') is csc('theta')=	1/sine(theta) and in terms of sides; csc('theta')=	c/a.
A right angled triangle has 'c' the hypotenuse, 'b' the horizontal leg and 'a' the other side. In terms of sides, b/c=	cos('theta') {which in terms of sec('theta') is cos('theta')=	1 / sec(theta) which in terms of sides equals	c/b.
'A right angled triangle has 'c' the hypotenuse, 'b' horizontal and 'a' vertical'. In terms of sides, a/b=	tan(theta), which in terms of just trigonometric identities is tan(theta)=	sin(theta) / cos(theta). {1/ tan(theta)=	cot(theta) or in terms of sides=	b/a.
The Sine Function (y=sine(x)) has a line shaped like an up-down	curve, which repeats every (in radian)	2pi radians, or (in degrees)	360°.
The width of the repeating pattern that is measured on the horizontal axis, is called the	period and is measured in	radians. One π radian in degrees is	180°. Angle in degrees = angle in radians x []/[]	180°/π.
The formula to calculate the length of a circular arc is	'θ'/360° x 2πr.
The area of a triangle with 2 sides as well as 1 angle labelled, with 'a' a length, 'b' a length and 'c' the included angle can be given as	0.5ab x sine c.
The formula to find the area of a sector is	'θ'/360° x πr², which expresses the sector as a fraction of the area of a	circle.
To work out the area of a segment, first calculate the area of both the	sector and triangle (within the sector), then subtract the area of the	triangle from the area of the	sector.
The expression for the volume of a sphere is	4/3Ïr^3 and the formula for the surface area is	4Ï€r².
When 'h' stands for height and 'b' stands for the area of the base, the volume of a pyramid is	bh/3, while the volume of a cone is	Ï€r²h/3.
If 'b' stands for base area, 'l' stands for lateral area, 's' stands for slant length and 'p' is the perimeter, then the surface area of a pyramid with side faces the same is (in terms of p,s&b)	0.5ps+b, but if the side faces aren't the same then the expression is	b+l.
{A pyramid is made by joining a base to an	apex.
{A object shaped like a cone is known to be	conical.
{In a way, a cone can be made by spinning a	triangle.
If a cone shares the same base area and height with a cylinder, then the volume of the cone is equal to the volume of the cylinder divided by	3.
If 's' stands for side length, the surface area of the curved side of a cone is either	πrs or πr√(r²+h²). So to find the total surface area, add to either of them	πr².
If 'a', 'b' and 'c' are lengths, then a formula with abc (or a^3, a²b etc) refers to	volume. Formulae such as a²b+bc have no	dimensions because things like volumes, areas and lengths don't	add together.
Vectors a and b are parallel if there exists a real number c such that	a=cb. All values on a number line including all values greater than -∞ and smaller than ∞ are	real numbers. √-1, ∞ an -∞ are not	real numbers.
{If 'w' represents the width and 'l', the length, then the area of an oval is equal to	0.8wl.
{Where 'a' is half of the major axis and 'b' half of the minor axis, using Ï instead of 2Ï, the circumference of an oval(c)â	Ï(3a+3b-â(3a+b)(3b+a)).
{The technical term for an oval is an	elipse.
{In a kite (ABCD) if the length of AC=x, and BD=y, then the area of the kite is	xy/2. Where 'a' and 'b' are the lengths of two unequal sides and C is the angle between them, the formula for the area of a kite is	ab x sine C.
Notations like (c,d) (usually 1 on top of the other), a(underbar), AB (with an arrow above), a(by an arrow) and 'a' in bold are ways of writing	vectors.
The direction of a vector is usually shown by an	arrow.
If it's a right-angled triangle that's being used, then the magnitude of the vector may be found using	'Pythagoras' theorem'.
The resultant of multiple vectors can be found by	adding them. The resultant may be labelled with 2	arrowheads.
When adding or subtracting vectors that are in a 'column' form: add or subtract both the	top and bottom parts seperately.
With vectors: a-b is equivalent to a+	-b.
With vectors: if c=(3,4), then -c=	(-3,-4)and if c=(-3,4) then -c=	(3,-4).
Scatter diagrams are used to show	correlation.
With Scatter diagrams, if the values of both 'subjects' are increasing, then there is a	positive correlation. With positive correlation on a scatter graph, the plots 'rise' to the	right, but with negative correlation, the plots 'rise' to the	left.
If the plots on a scatter graph aren't reasonably close together or show little uniform direction, then there is either	little or no correlation.
∑ means	sum(of).
Data that can only take certain values, like the amount of students in a class(you don't get half a student) is known as	discrete data. Data that can take in any value within a range (like times in a race which could be measured to fractions of a second) is known as	continuous data.
With continuous data: when the data is grouped into class intervals, the exact data is not	known.
Moving averages can be used to smooth out changes in a set of data over a	period of time.
The formula to find the mean of continuous/grouped data is: []=[]	x(over bar)=	âfx/âf, where x(over bar) represents the	mean, 'f' represents the	frequency and 'fx' can be found by multiplying both the	frequency and the midpoints of the intervals.
The position of the median of grouped data is given as	Î£f+1/2, where Î£ÂÂf is the sum of the classes'	frequencies.
To find the n-point moving average find the average of the first	n numbers. Repeat through all the data values, with position of the number you start with, each time increasing by	one until you have included the last data value. You may then make a list of the discovered	averages. The averages may then be plotted onto a	graph and roughly through the points as a sort of line of best fit line, you may draw a straight	trend line.
With a scatter graph, instead of drawing an estimated line of best fit, it may be better to find the	mean.
On cumulative frequency graphs, if 'n' is the value on the y-axis at the pinnacle of the cumulative frequency curve, then the formula for the upper quartile is:	3(n+1)/4, the median is:	(n+1)/2 and the lower quartile is:	(n+1)/4. From these points on the y-axis, a straight point may be drawn side-ways to the	ogive, then down-wards to the values of the quartiles and median on the	x-axis.
With continuous data, the class intervals can be written with inequalities(using a, b and c in consecutive order as	aâ¤b<c (where b may be an abbreviation of the unit being measured or counted).
On a graph: the inter-quartile range is the distance between	the upper quartile and lower quartile. The range can be found by subtracting the	lower quartile from the upper quartile.
A large inter-quartile range indicates that the 'middle part of the data is widely	spread around the	median. A small inter-quartile range in concentrated about the	median.
A box plot is sometimes known as a	'box and whisker plot'.
A graph with a box, 2 lines from each side that may sometimes be called 'whiskers' and a scale underneath is called a	box plot.
On each side of a box plot there is a	line, sometimes called	'whiskers' and underneath it there is a	scale.
In a box plot, the far end of the line drawn to the box from the left represents the	lowest value, while the far end of the one from the right represents the	highest value. Of the box: the edge to the left represents the	lower quartile, the edge to the right represents the	upper quartile and the line in the middle represents the	median.
In a box plot, the width of the box represents the	inter-quartile range.
The current total of all the frequencies is known as the	cumulative frequency.
Histograms are similar to bar charts except the bars can be different	widths. The area of each bar represents the	frequency.
When drawing histograms, the vertical axis is often(even when not labeled):	frequency density.
When drawing histograms, the frequency that the rectangles represent is equal to their a[]	area. The formula for the frequencies is frequency=	frequency density x class width and frequency density(which can be found through 'rearranging formulae') =	frequency/ class width.
If events 'a' and 'b' can't simultaneously occur then the events are	mutually exclusive. In that case: p(a or b)=	p(a)+p(b).
Independent events are events that aren't affected by	previous events. The probability of multiple independent events can be found by	multiplying the probabilities together. P(a and b and c...)=	P(a) x P(b) x P(c)...
Vectors are equal if they have both the same	magnitude and direction. The inverse of a vector has the same	magnitude but has the opposite	direction. The inverse of the vector AB(arrow overhead) is (without adding any additional characters or symbols): the vector	BA(arrow overhead). With that rule excluded the inverse of the vector AB(arrow overhead) can be	-AB(arrow overhead).
To add 2 vector is to apply the	first, then apply the	second. CD(arrow overhead) + DE(arrow overhead)=(as a vector:)	CE or simply E=	c+d. This is known as the	triangle law.
Multiple probabilities add up to	1.
With tree diagrams, the 'branches' are often labelled with	probabilities and the sum of all probabilites from the same source is	1. At the end of the branches, there are the	outcomes.
An dependent event is an event affected by	previous events.
With dependent events, one or both of the numerator and	denominator of the	probability may	change depending on previous	outcomes.
When 's' is side, 'a': angle, 'r': right-angle and 'h': hypotenuse, then 4 thing that makes a triangle congruent are if they have the same(using the letters given):	'sas, sss, aas, asa or rhs'. In the triangle, they should occur in the given	order (whether [] or anti[])	clockwise--clockwise--.
To prove the sum of angles in triangle 'ABC'(labelled left to right): draw a straight line(OP) through	'B'. Angle 'OBA' and angle 'OBC' are equal(respectively) to angle	'A'(CAB) and In thangle C(ACB) because they are	alternate angles . The third angle in both the straight line and the triangle is	B, thus there're an equal amount of degrees in both of them, with that amount being (because of the number of degrees in a straight line)	180°.
The sum of angles in a quadrilateral resulting in	360° can be proved by there being in a quadrilateral: 2	triangles as the sum of angles in a triangle is	180°: the sum of angles in a quadrilateral is 180° x	2.
A square diagonally bisects at its	vertices.
In triangle 'ABC', with each side (written in lowercase) opposite its namesake angle: the sine rule is either	a/sine(A) = b/sin(B) = c/sin(C) or sin(A)/a = sine(B)/b = sin(C)/c.
To find an angle or length using the sine or cosine rule: find the right	formula, then substitute the letters for	values before (if 'needed') 'working out' some	values.
A triangles area is 0.5ab x sine C, where C is located	between 'a' and 'b'.
In a sine graph, where y=f(x)=sin(x): y=k*sine(x) affects both a[]	amplitudes by multiplying them by	k.
In a cosine graph, where y=f(x)=cos(x): y=k*cos(x) affects both a[]	amplitudes by multiplying both by	k.
In a circle: there are 2 triangle, next to each other, with the joining of both of the buttom edges making a diameter and both of them having 2 corners touching a corner from the other triangle (once at the origin, and the other at the []'s circumference)	trianglecircle--. The angles not at the origin in the left triangle are 'a' and all the angles not at the origin in the right triangle are 'b' (the triangles are isoceles as two of their sides are	radii). To proof that the angle at the circumference, subtended by the diameter is 90°: in the larger triangle (made from the smaller two): 180° =	a+a+b+b or with brackets: 180° =	2(a+b). Thus a+b =	90°.
The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center of the	circle and is the	diameter.
An angle at the circumference of a circle and subtended by the diameter, which is in a triangle that has two of its sides touching the diameter (the third side), equals	90°.
The hypothetical trapezium has top side: a, buttom side: b and length between: h. To prove the area of the trapezium: draw an adjacent and connected	trapezium - of the same	dimensions (with the same labelling) but with the difference that it is	inverted. The new shape is now a	parallelogram. The formula for the area of a parallelogram is vertical height x base length (h * a+b), but as this is two trapezia, the formula for one trapezium is (in terms of the formerly stated letters)	h(a+b)/2
G/cm^3, g/m^3, kg/cm^3 and kg/m^3 are some ways to display	density. Density=	mass/volume.
When sampling for handling data, in attribute sampling, the selection of the sample is made by choosing an	attribute, which is [] to the variable being investigated.
If 'c' is a vector, kc is	the vector 'c' x k.
At times: the magnitude of a vector is shown with, on either side, either	1 or 2 vertical bars. It may be shown with two vertical bars on each side so as to not confuse it with the absolute value.
When using vectors: 'ordinary' numbers (such as 7, -0.78, 156) are known as	scalars.
Vectors can be written in brackets with one character being on	top of the other or both being	next to each other. In this case: the left value or the one on top represents the movement	horizontally, while the other represents the movement	vertically, but that is on a 2-d graph. On a 3-d graph the first value represents movement like on the x-axis, the second value represents movement like on the y-axis and a third value is used which represents movement like on the	z-axis.
If the vector d=(a,c), the magnitude can be calculated, if in a right-angle triangle, using	Pythagoras' theorem with, in this case, the formula: d=	√a²+c².
The quantities that you multiply a vector by are called	scalars. Doing that is called	scaling.
AB+BC(arrows overhead) =	AC(arrow overhead). If vectors d+e=f and vectors d+c=f, then both sets and their routes are	equal.
Subtracting a vector is the same as adding that vector's	inverse.
Scalars have magnitude but not	direction.
{You mark a point by how far along and how far up it is (x,y) in the coordinates system known as	Cartesian coordinates. A point is marked by how far away it is from the origin, and what angle is between the line connecting it to the origin and the x-axis (r,Î¸) in the coordinates system known as	Polar coordinates.
{To covert from Cartesian to Polar coordinates:r =	âˆš ( x² + y² ), thus making it a	hypotenuse and 'Î¸'=	tan^-1 ( y / x ). To convert from Polar to Cartesian coordinates: x =	r Ã cos( Î¸ ) and y =	r Ã sin( Î¸ ).
{If the four quadrants of a graph are numbered anticlockwise 1-4 starting at the top right: when converting from Cartesian to Polar coordinates: if the point is in quadrant 1, use the calculator value given for ÃÂ¸ = tan^-1(y/x), but if it is quadrant 2	180Â° and if the point is in the fourth quadrant, add to the given value:	360Â°.
Sine^-1=	arcsine, cos^-1=	Arccos and tan^-1=	arctan.
{The centroid of a triangle is the point of intersection of its	medians (the lines joining together each	vertex with the midpoint of the opposite side). The centroid divides each of the medians in the ratio	2:1, which is to say it is located â of the distance that is upwards from the	midpoint of the buttom side to the	top angle.
To flip graph f(x) upside down, the function transformation used is	-f(x). Any point on the x-axis, after transformation would be on	the x-axis; the points off the x-axis change	side. When applied to the graph y=xÂ²=f(x), it changes to y=	-xÂ².
To flip graph f(x) left-side right, 'depth rotating' it around the y-axis: the function transformation applied to f(x) is	f(-x). Any point on the y-axis, after transformation, would be on	the y-axis. The points off the y-axis	change side. The mirror image of g(x), as reflected in the y-axis is	g(-x), when this is applied into the line: y=g(x)=x^3: the equation of the line changes to (with brackets) y=	(-x)^3.
Where y=cos(x+k) or y=sine(x+k): there is a change in the points on the graph in the values on the	x-axis by a value of	-k.
y= cos(kx) There is a change in a direction that's	horizontal, as horizontally the graph is	squeezed by a factor of	k. Alternatively, the x axis value of the points on the graph are multiplied by	1/k.
A law which states that if a body is acted upon by two vectors represented by two sides of a triangle taken in order, the resultant vector is represented by the	third side of the triangle is known as the	triangle law.
The cosine rule forumla for finding sides, where the known sides amount to	2 and there's an angle which is [] them	between them is	a²=b²+c²-2bc x cos(A) or b²=	a²+c²-2ac x cos(B) or c²=	a²+b²-2ab x cos (C).
The cosine rule formula to find an angle where the known lengths of sides amount to	3 is cos (A)=	b²+c²-a²/2bc, which was found through	rearranging formulae.
The sine rule is used when you know both [] side and [] an[]	one side and two angles, or the amount of sides known amount to	2 and opposite one of the 2 sides is a known	angle.
A circle has two segments: angles a and b are in different segments, so they are said to be in	alternate segments.
If there is a right-angled triangle with Î¸ between the hypotenuse and the adjacent, in terms of the sides: sineÎ¸ =	opposite/hypotenuse; cosÎ¸ =	adjacent/hypotenuse; tanÎ¸ =	opposite/adjacent.
{The notation fg means carry out first function	g, then function	f. Sometimes, fg is written as	fog. The function which reverses another function is called and	inverse function. For example the inverse of y = 2x is x =	y/2.
The vector law that shows that going from A to C via B is the same as going from A to C via D is known as the	parallelogram law.
Given a quadratic function ax^2+bx+c, the vertex is where x=	-b/2a.
sin(x) = cos(x-	90°)
If the median is in a position n.5, take it to be the mean of the values in positions	n and n+1.
The graph of y = sin θ start at the o[]	origin. The reaches its maximum amplitude -	1, where x (or θ) =	90°. It then goes to its minimum amplitude of -1, where x =	270°, before going back to the x-axis, where x =	360°. The process continues to repeat.
The period of the tan function is	180° and every 180°, the value of the function is	infinite, starting at	90°.
The data handling cycle: (1)Specify the p[] and p[]	problem and plan, (2)collect	data from a variety of	sources, (3)p[] and r[] data	process and represent data, (5)[] results	evaluate--.
When trying to solve graphical inequalities graphically and there isn't (>, ≥, < or ≤)0, you can make it like that through	rearrangement.
When solving a quadratic inequality graphically, with an inequality that includes -x²: the graph is like the graph of an equation that includes x², but	inverse (upside down).
If the equation of a graph can, through factorisation, turn to (x+n)(-x+o), then (-x+o)) can be changed to (o	-x). The roots of the graph (with equation: (x+n)(o-x) are	-n and o.
To solve a simultaneous equation:	1)rearrange the equations into the form(where 'a', 'b' and 'c' are (possibly negative) numbers):	ax+by=c, . 2) Match up the	coefficients of either the	x's or y's, by multiplying 1 or more of the	equations by a suitable	number. 3) Find the difference between both equations and divide it by	the difference between the	non-matching cooefficient to find the value of one of the variables, which can be used to find the value of the other variable.
Proof that the angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a circle is twice the angle subtended at any point on the circumference. Construct the situation: mark two points that are below the [] and that are on the []	centre-- circumference, then mark another point that is above the [] and that is on the []	centre--circumference-- (for the angle 'b'). Join each point below the centre to both the	point at the circumference and the centre (making angle 'a'). [#A25]. Add a radius from the centre to	b, making two triangles that are isoceles due to the	radii. Label: label the equal angles in the triangle to the left 'w' and the angle at the origin 'x', then label the equal angles in the triangle to the right 'y' and the angle at the origin 'z' [#A26]. Using the angles in their triangles: x=[] and z=[]	x=180°-2w and z=180°-2y. Using those values of x and z, and the sum of angles around a point: 360° = a+x+z =[...], which simplies to 0 =[...]	360°=a+(180°-2w)+(180°-2y), which simplifies to 0 = a-2w-2y, therefore (with brackets) a = [], thus a = []b	a = 2(w+y), thus a = 2b. Q.E.D.
Proof that angles subtended by the same arc, and are at the circumference are equal. Construct the situation: mark the circle's [] and draw a c[]	centre and draw a chord. Draw two triangles in the same segment that share the [] as one of their sides	chord--. In each triangle: label the angle opposite the	chord. Label the angle at the left: a and label the other angle: b [#A27]. Using the points where the chord touches the circumference as vertices: draw a	triangle with the other vertex at	the centre of the circle. Label the angle at the centre - c [#A28#]. c = []a = []b	c = 2a = 2b (based on the circle theorem that states:	the angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a circle is twice the angle subtended at any point on the circumference). c = 2a = 2b, therefore 2a=2b, thus	a = b. Q.E.D
To proof the sum of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral(in relation to the circle) is 180°. In the circle: mark the	centre. Create a cyclic quadrilateral, with the vertices at the	circumference. Label the two	opposite angles (a and b). To each of the other vertices: draw a	radius. As an angle subtended at the circumference by an arc is half that	subtended at the centre: the angles at the origin are	2a and 2b [#A51#]. 2a + 2b =	360° (which is the sum of angles around a point). Therefore a + b =	180°. Q.E.D.
[#A24]We want to prove the alternate angle theorem that the angle between a tangent and a chord at the point of contact is equal to the angle in the alternate segment. Construct an alternate segment situation in a	semicircle. Remember to add a tangent to the diameter enclosing the semicircle. Label as shown in [#A24]. When tangents meet with radii: an angle is formed of	90°. Thus BCA + z =	90°. As it is subtended at the circumference by the diameter, angle ABC =	90°. ABC + BCA + y =	180° (due to the sum of interior angles in a triangle). Simplifying the equation gives BCA + y =	90°. We have established two addition equations that result in 90°:	BCA + y = 90° and BCA + z = 90°. You can state that in order for them to be true: [] = []	z = y. Q.E.D. (That can be shown through more rearrangement.)
With transformation, with rotation, before and after rotation, each point remains exactly the same distance from the [...]	centre of rotation.
With transformatin, with enlargement, if the scale factor is s, each point will become further away from the centre of enlargement by a factor of	s.
The surface area of a cylinder equals	2πr² + 2πrh = 2(πr² +πrh), whereas the surface are of a cone is πr² + πrs.
When working with continuous data, in the first column, the intervals are arranged in order of	size from	smallest to biggest. The other 3 columns are	'f' 'x' and 'fx'. 'f' stands for	frequency, 'x' represents	the midpoints of the interval and 'fx' can be found by multiplying	the frequency and the mid-point. The '∑' of 'f' and 'fx' can be found on the row at the	bottom.
To draw a cumulative frequency graph from a table of data, plot points, with their x-value being the [] value of each [] interval	top--class--, and their y-vaue being the	cumulative frequency. Afterwards [] the points with a smooth []	join--curve--. The line starts at the	earliest point.

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