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Small engines
Small Engines Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A gasoline engine is a mechanism that transforms ___ energy into ___ energy for doing useful work. | Chemical, mechanical. |
| A gasoline engine is an internal ___ engine. | Combustion. |
| In an internal combustion engine, the gasoline is combined with ___ and burned inside the engine. | Air. |
| One end of the connecting rod is fastened to the piston. The other end is fastened to an offset ___, or ___ of the crankshaft. | Cranpin, throw. |
| The space above the piston where the combustible mixture burns is called the ___ chamber. | Combustion. |
| The force applied to the piston is a result of what? | Gasoline being burned rapidly, and heated gases trapped within the cylinder, being expanded. |
| Burned gases are released through a ___ ___ following the power stroke of the piston. | Exhaust port. |
| As burned gases are released, a fresh ___ - ___ charge enters the cylinder, and the momentum of the power stroke turns the crankshaft journal through bottom dead center (BDC) and into the upstroke on another power cycle. | Air - fuel. |
| Gasoline is a petroleum product that is mainly a mixture of ___ and ___. | Hydrogen, carbon. |
| Explain why we should conserve gasoline and use it wisely. | Gasoline cannot be recycled. |
| What are three characteristics of gasoline in engines? | 1. Ignite readily, burn cleanly, and resist detonation. 2. Vaporize easily, without being subject to vapor lock.3. Be free of dirt, water, and abrasives. |
| An engine with a relatively high compression should use gasoline that has a ___. | High octane and burns slow. |
| In order to expose more surface area of the fuel to created rapid burning, the fuel is broken into very small droplets and mixed with air. This process is called ___. | Atomizing. |
| To perform useful work, the explosive force caused by burning gas must be ___ and ___. | Contained and controlled. |
| What are four major parts of an elementary engine? | Crankshaft, connecting rod, piston, and cylinder. |
| What are five basic areas of engine operation? | Mechanical, carburetion, ignition, cooling, and lubrication. |
| The ___ keeps all other parts of the engine in proper alignment. | Cylinder block. |
| Cooling efficiency of air - cooled engines is improved through the use of ___ ___ . | Cooling fins. |
| Cylinder blocks are usually made of ___ or a ___ alloy. | Iron and aluminum. |
| Why are aluminum cylinder blocks cast around a steel sleeve? | Aluminum is a soft metal, it would wear out faster due to friction of the piston. |
| The cylinder block must be rigid and strong enough to contain the ___ developed by the expanding gases. | Power. |
| The ___ is the major rotating part of the engine. | Crankshaft. |
| Why is a woodruff key used to prevent the flywheel from turning on the crankshaft? | Because this cannot slip out during operation, holds the flywheel in place. |
| Crankshafts for small engines are generally made from ___ steel. | Forged. |
| The flywheel end of the crankshaft is ___ to fit the hole in the flywheel. | Tapered. |
| To reduce vibration during operation, the crankshaft has ___ to equal the weight of the ___ ___. | Counterweights, connecting rod. |
| The crankcase must be rigid and strong and strong enough to withstand the ___ forces of the crankshaft, while keeping all parts in proper alignment. | Rotational. |
| The ___ is the straight line driving member of the engine. | Piston. |
| The piston provides a ___ between the combustion chamber and the crankcase. | Seal. |
| Properly installed piston rings ___. | Prevent blow by of exhaust gases into the crankcase. Prevent leakage of oil into the combustion chamber. Fit the grooves near the top of the piston with a slight side clearance. |
| The piston is hollow to reduce ___. | Weight. |
| The sliding piston is connected to the rotating crankshaft with a metal link called a ___. | Connecting rod. |
| Expanding ___ push the piston toward the crankshaft, causing the connecting rod to turn the shaft. | Gases |
| Both valves are turned during the period of the ___. | Expansion of the burning gases. |
| How are valves kept in alignment? | The valve stem passes through a machined hole in block (valve guides). |
| Intake and exhaust ports are sealed with ___ valves. | Poppet. |
| What is the purpose of the spring keeper and washer? | To allow valves to be opened when necessary and close when pressure is removed from the valve stem. |
| What is the purpose of the camshaft? | To allow the opening and closing of the valves. |
| The camshaft timing gear is always ___ as the camshaft gear. | Twice as large. |
| During assembly, ___ ___ on the camshaft gear and crankshaft gear must be matched. | Timing marks. |
| What are three function of the flywheel. | 1. Keeps the crankshaft spinning and smooths engine operation. 2. Metal fans on the flywheel act as a fan that forces air over to the cylinder to cool the engine. 3. Magnets cast into the flywheel produce electrical current for the ignition system. |
| The space between the ends of the piston ring is called the ___ ___ ___. | Ring end gap. |
| Why are piston rings are made larger than the cylinder bore? | To cause the ring to except force on the cylinder wall. |
| Where is the oil control ring located on a piston? | Bottom. |
| Piston rings are installed on a piston with a tool called a ring ___ | Expander. |
| To much end gap will result in ___. | Leakage. |
| Ring end gap is measured by placing the ring in the cylinder and using a tool called a ___ ___. | Feeler gauge. |
| When installing a piston with rings in a cylinder, a tool called a ___ ___. | Ring compressor. |
| Pipe wrenches are good for what? | Grasping large or irregular objects. |
| How can a crescent wrench be handy? | Can be adjusted for size. |
| What is a Allen wrench? | Provide a good grip for tightening or removing setscrews, cap screws, etc. |
| What is a torque wrench? | Enables a person to tighten bolts, nuts, etc, to exact tightness specifications. |
| Sockets are available in ___ point, ___ and double square openings. | 6 and 12 point. |
| What is an open end wrench? | Open on both ends and grasps the nut on two of its flats. |
| What is a combination wrench? | Has a box end head on one end and an open end on the other. |
| To remove a keeper from a valve, a special tool is required called a valve ___ ___. | Spring compressor. |
| Poor fuel flow into the cylinders past the valve can be caused by excess ___. | Carbon. |
| A worn valve guide may allow the valve to ___ hus allowing exhaust leakage. | Flutter. |
| After a valve guide has been cleaned with a special wire brush, the inside diameter can be measured with a tool called a ___ ___ gage with a micrometer. | Small hole. |
| A valve seat that does not seat will warp and ___. | Burn. |
| A valve seat grinder or cutting tool must be guided with a ___ ___ fastened in the valve guide. | Pilot rod. |
| A tool called a ___ ___ has a suction cup that attaches to the valve head. | Valve head. |
| ___ or universals are used when working at an angle. | Swivels. |
| ___ handles or breaker bars allow the socket to be turned with great force. | Flex. |
| The ___ bar will vary the length of the socket setup to reach difficult areas. | Extension. |
| The ___ is the most common versatile socket handle. Allows the user to either tighten or loosen a bolt without removing the handle. | Ratchet. |
| Why is a specified amount of crankshaft end clearance is necessary. | To allow space for lubricant between moving parts, and to provide room for expansion when heated. |
| The tool most commonly used to measure the diameter of main bearings and connecting rod journals is a ___. | Micrometer. |
| Why do intake valves usually last longer than exhaust valves? | Less heat then the exhaust. |
| The process of exhausting the burned gases from the cylinder is called ___. | Scavenging. |
| What is the difference between an engine and a motor? | Engine runs off electricity, a motor runs off gasoline. |
| ___ must be atomized to be burned very rapidly in an engine. | Gas. |
| The crankshaft must turn ___ revolutions to complete all four strokes in a four stroke cycle engine. | Two. |
| The ___ and ___ motion of the piston is changed into rotary motion by the crankshaft. | Up and down. |
| What is the order of the piston rings on a piston? | Compression ring, wiper ring, and then oil ring. |
Created by:
sheeba1cindy
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