Complete Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Agonist | Brings about effect after binding to a receptor. low affinity. high efficacy |
Types of agonist | -Partial agonist -Inverse agonist |
Acetylcholin agonist | -Neostigmine -Physostigmine |
Acetylcholin antagonist | -Curare -Atropine |
Types of cholin transporters | -High affinity -Low affinity |
High affinity cholin transporter | Dependent on ATP |
Low affinity cholin transporter | Dependent on extra-cellular cholin concentrations |
Break down of Acetylcholin | Acetylcholinesterases [ACHE] |
Synthesis of Acetylcholin | Cholin acetyltransferases [CHAT] |
Precursor of Acetylcholin | -Cholin -Acetyl CoA |
Inactivation of cholin transporters | Hemicholinium |
SNARE proteins | Enable and facilitate the release of the ACH from the vesicles,by enabling the vesicle to bind to the membrane |
Botulinum toxin [botox] | breaks down SNARE proteins |
Inhibit the release of ACH from the vesicles | Botulinum toxin |
COX [cyclo oxyginase] enzyme inhibitor | NSAIDS |
COX 1 | -Homeostasis -protective mucus for lining the stomch |
COX 2 | -Involved in inflammation |
NSAIDs | -Anti inflammation -Antipyretic -Analgesic |
LOX enzyme [lysyl oxidase] product | leukotrienes |
Leukotrienes | Potent broncho constrictors |
LOX antagonists | -Montelukast -Enfirlukast |
types of NSAIDs and their examples | -Salicylic acid:acetyl salicylic acid [aspirin] -P amino phenol:[paracetamol] -Indol -Cnolics:[Oxicams] |
Types of Cytokines | -Interleukines -Interferons -Tissue necrotic factor |
Interleukines | Synthesised by T-lymphocytes and helper CD4 |
Interferons | Released by cells which have been invaded by a bacteria. -have febril symptoms |
Cytokines funtion | Intracellular communication |
Inflammation mediators | -Breadykinin -Histamine -Prostaglandins -leukotrienes -cytokines -platelet activating factor |
Platelet Activating Factor | involved in inflammation |
Vaso dilation causes! | -decrease in blood pressure |
Contraction of smooth muscles can lead to - | Broncho constriction |
Prostaglandin analogues | Prostanoids |
Prostanoids used in Termination Of Pregnancy[TOP] | -Gemeprost -Misoprost |
Types of Prostaglandins | -PgH2 -PgI2 -Thromboxane A2 and B2 -PgE -PgF2 alpha |
PgI2 | -Inhibits platelet aggregation -Dilator |
PgF2 alpha | -Powerful uterine contractions -Potent broncho constrictor |
Thromboxane A2 | -Vaso constictor |
PgG2 | -Vaso dilator -GIT relaxation -ionotropic |
Ionotropic | affects the force of muscular contraction |
PgEp1 | -Broncho constrictor -Vaso constritor |
PgEp2 | -Broncho dilator -caso dilator |
Lipid derieved mediators | -Prostaglandins -Leukotrienes |
Substrate for LOX and COX | Arachidonic acid |
Lipokotien | Inhibits Phospho lipase A -stimulated by glucocortecoids |
Types of Histamine receptors | -H1 -H2 -H3 |
H1 antagonist | -Promethazine -Cyclizine |
Motion sickness drugs | -Promethazine -Cyclizine |
Cimetidine side effects | -Inhibits liver enzyme Cytochrome P450 |
H2 antagonist | -Cimetidine -Ranitidine |
Antihistamines have similar effects as- | Atropin |
Atropin | Anti-cholinergic -Competitive antagonist |
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme [ACE] | Breaks down breadykinin |
ACE inhibitors | -Enalapril -Captopril |
Histamine synthesized from | L-histadine |
ACE inhibitors pharmacological effect | Decrease blood pressure,since breadykinins are vaso-dilators |
Characteristics of inflammation | -swelling -pain -heat -redness -loss of function |
Types of paralyzing agents | Non depolarizing agents Depolarizing agents |
Non-depolarizing blockers | curariform agents |
Curariform agents | D tubocurarine,Dimethyl tubocurarine |
Non depolarizing agents | Do not cause any effect before paralysis |
D tubocurarine analogus | Alcuronium,Puncuronium,Gallamine, Atracurium |
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