Lecture016 Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the net ATP from glycolysis? | 2 ATP |
| What does glycolysis produce? | It produces ATP and reduces NAD+ to NADH while oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid |
| In respiration, what is pyruvic acid from glycolysis converted to? | It is converted to the first reactant in the Krebs cycle. |
| What does the Krebs cycle produce? | It produces ATP and reduces NAD+ and FADH2 while giving off CO2. |
| The NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle carries electrons to where? | The electron transport chain. |
| In the e- transport chain, the energy of the electrons is used to produce what? | ATP! |
| What are the three cellular respiration processes? | Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and e- transport chain |
| What are the two types of fermentations? | Glycolysis and fermentative pathways |
| What are two processes that ATP is generated through in cellular respiration? | Substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation (primarily), which requires a proton gradient. |
| When does Substrate-level phosphorylation occur? | When a "high-energy" phosphate containing molecule transfers phosphate to ADP in a chemical rxn to form ATP. |
| What is oxidative phosphorylation? | energy released from transfer of electrons (oxidation) of one cpd. to another (reduction) is used to generate ATP in the ETC. |
| What is glycolysis? | The oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid produces ATP and NADH. (Watch video) |
| How is glycolysis prepared? | 2 ATP are used, Glucose is split to form 2 glucose-3-phosphate |
| How does glycolysis conserve energy? | Two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidizes to two pyruvic acid, 4 ATP is produced, and 2 NADH is produced |
| How much NADH is produced from glycolysis? | 2 NADH |
| What are the two alternatives to Glycolysis for oxidation of glucose? | Pentose phosphate pathway and Entner-Doudoroff pathway |
| What is Pentose phosphate pathway? | Uses pentoses (5carbons) and NADPH and operates with glycolysis |
| What is Entner Doudoroff pathway? | Produces NADPH and ATP and it does not involve glycolysis |
| What is the KREBS CYCLE? | It is the oxidation of acetyl CoA that will produce some ATP and the reduced coenzymes: NADH and FADH2 (watch video) |
| What happens in the Bridge or transition step in the Krebs Cycle? | Pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) is oxidized and decarboxylated |
| What is produced after two cycles of pyruvate in the krebs cycle? | 2 ATP are generated by substrate-level phos. and 8 NADH with 2 FADH2 produced |
| What is the electron transport chain? | NADH and FADH2 transfer their electrons through a series of carrier molecules that are oxidized and reduced as e- are passed down, release of energy occurs. Energy released can be used to produce ATP.(watch video) |
| What happens in e- transport chain? | Oxidation of NADH, e- transferred to a terminal electron acceptor (electron carriers w/ concurrent proton translocation) |
| What is Oxidative Phosphorylation? | Coupled ADP phosphorylation with oxidation of reduced cofactors (NADH, FADH2) generated during catabolism, 2nd ATP generation mechanism, and it also requires a proton gradient. |
| What is the Chemiosmotic Theory? | Energy generation in biological systems are driven by proton gradients that are established across membranes |
| What must happen to establish a proton gradient? | 1) The transfer of e- between electron carriers in the membrane 2)Rxns that consume protons on one side of the membrane |
| What is Aerobic respiration? | Has a final e- acceptor in the ETC that is a molecular oxygen (O2). |
| What is Anaerobic respiration? | Has a final e- acceptor in the ETC that is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration bc only part of the Krebs cycle operates under anaerobic conditions. |
| What is the net ATP in Krebs cycle? | 2 ATP |
| Net NADH in Krebs cycle? | 8 NADH |
| Net FADH2 in Krebs cycle? | 2 FADH2 |
| How much ATP can one NADH convert to? | 3 ATP |
| How much ATP can one FADH2 convert to? | 2 ATP |
| What is the total ATP produced from glycolysis and Krebs cycle? | 38 ATP |
| Microbes can break down glucose to release energy through what two processes? | Cellular respiration and Fermentation |
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