Respiratory System Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
Primary purpose of the respiratory system | gas exchange; the transfer of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and blood |
Normal tidal volume | 500ml - volume of air exchanged with each breath |
Alveoli | small sacs that form the functional unit of the lungs |
Surfactant | a lipoprotein that lowers teh surface tension in the alveoli, reduces the amount of pressure needed to inflate the alveoli and decreases the tendency of alveoli to collapse |
What two types of circulation do the lungs have | pulmonary and bronchial |
Pulmonary circulation | provides the lungs with blood for gas exchange |
Bronchial circulation | provides oxygen to the bronchi and other pulmonary tissue |
How many ribs are in a human body | total of 24 - 12 on each side |
Thoracic cages refers to | the ribs and sternum |
Parietal pleura | a membrane that lines the chest cavity |
Visceral pluera | the membrane that lines the lungs |
Which pleura does not have nerve endings or afferent pain fibers | visceral pleura |
Which pleura has afferent pain fibers | parietal pleura |
Intrapleural space | the space between the pleural layers |
What is the purpose of the intrapleural space | provides lubrication, allowing the layers of the pleura to slide over each other during breathing; it increases cohesion between the pleural layers |
How much fluid is normally in the pleural space | 20-25ml |
Empyema | purulent pleural fluid with bacterial infection |
The major muscle of respiration | diaphragm |
What is the flow of gas | from an area of higher pressure (atmospheric) to one of lower pressure (intrathoracic) |
Elastic recoil | the tendency for the lungs to recoil after being stretched of expanded |
Compliance (distensibility) | a measure of the elasticity of the lungs and thorax |
What happens when compliance is decreased | the lungs are more difficulty to inflate |
Diffusion | How O2 and CO2 are moved back and forth across the alveolar capillary membrane |
PaO2 | arterial oxygen tension |
PaO2 represents what | The amount of oxygen disolved in the plasma |
SaO2 | arterial oxygen saturation |
SaO2 represents what | The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in comparison with the amount of oxygen the hemoglobin can carry |
PaO2 is expressed in | millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) |
SaO2 is expressed in | % |
ABG analysis includes the measurement of | PaO2, PaCO2, acidity (pH), and bicarbonate (HCO3-) in arterial blooc |
Blood for ABG's can be obtained by | arterial puncture or from an aterial catheter in the radial or femoral artery |
pH | 7.35-7.45 |
PaO2 | 80-100 mm Hg |
SaO2 | >95% |
HCO3- | 22-26 mEq/L |
S/S of inadequate oxygenation on the CNS | unexplained apprehension, restlessness/irritability, confusion/lethargy (early or late), Combativeness (late), Coma (late) |
S/S of inadequate oxygenation on the respiratory system | Tachypnea, Dyspnea on exertion, Dyspnes at rest (late), Use of accessory muscles (late), Retraction of interspaces on inspiration (late), Pause for breath between sentences/words (late) |
S/S of inadequate oxygenation on the Cardiovascular system | Tachycardia, Mild HTN, Arrhythmias (ex:PVC'S)(early or late), Hypotension (late), Cyanosis (late), Cool / clammy skin (late) |
Other S/S of inadequate oxygenation | Diaphoresis (early or late), Decreased urinary output (early or late), Unexplained fatigue (early or late) |
Normal SpO2 | >95% |
SpO2 | the oxygen saturation value obtained by pulse oximetry |
Sites of pulse oximetry | finger, toe, ear, forehead , or bridge of nose |
Hypoxemia | an abnormal deficiency in the concentration of oxygen in arterial blood |
Hypoxia | abnormally low oxygen availability to the body or an individual tissue or organ |
What is the first evidence of hypoxemia | apprehension, restlessness or irritability |
The mechanism that stimulates the release of surfactant is | alveolar stretch from deep breathing |
During inspiration, air enters the thoracic cavity as a result of | decreased intrathoracic pressure relative to pressure at the airway |
The ability of the lungs to adequately oxygenate the arterial blood is determined by examination of the | aretiral oxygen tension |
The most important respiratory defense mechanism distal to the respiratory bronchioles is the | alveolar macroophage |
A rightward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve | facilitates release of oxygen at the tissue level |
During the respiratory assessment of the older adult, the nurse would expect to find | increased anteroposterior chest diameter |
When assessing activity-exercise patterns related to respiratory health, the nurse inquires about | dyspnea during rest or exercise |
The vibration of tactile fremitus is best assessed using the nurse's | palms |
Which of the following finding is an abnormal assessment finding of the respiratory system? | presence of rhonchail fremitus |
A diagnostic procedure done to remove pleural fluid for analysis is | thoracentesis |
Hypercapnia | excess CO2 in the blood |
Structural changes r/t aging | dec. Elastic recoil, dec. Chest wall compliance, Inc. Anteroposterior diameter, dec. Functioning aveoli |
Defense mechanism changes r/t aging | dec cell-mediated immunity, dec specific antibodies, dec. cilia function, dec. cough force, dec. alveolar macrophage function |
Respiratory control r/t aging | dec. response to hypoxemia, dec. response to hypercapnia |
If a patient is a smoker, sputum is usually | clear to gray with occasional specks of brown |
If patient has COPD, sputum may be | clear, whitish, or slightly yellow, especially in the morning on rising |
Normal sputum is | clear to slightly whitish; odorless |
These respiratory conditions can cause chest pain | pleurisy, fractured ribs, and costochondritis |
Description of pleuritic pain | sharp, stabbing pain associated with movement or deep breathing |
Description of fractured rib pain | localised sharp pain asssociated with breathing |
Description of costochondritis pain | along the the borders of the sternum and is associated with breathing |
Assessment of the nose | mucous mem should be pink and moist, with no evidence of edema (bogginess), exudate or bleeding |
Assessment of the pharynx | should be smooth and moist with no evidence of exudate, ulcerations, swelling or postnasal drip |
Gagging response indicates that | cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus) are intact |
Assessment of the neck | symmetry an dpresence of any tender or swollen areas; palpate the lymph nodes |
Normal respiratory rate | 12-20 breaths per minute |
Normal respiratory rates in the elderly | 16-25 breaths per minute |
Kussmaul | rapid, deep breathing |
Cheyne-Stokes | abnormal patterns of respiration characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing |
Biot's | irregular breathing with apnea every 4-5 cycles |
Cyanosis is best observed where in dark-skinned people | conjuctiva, lips, palms, and soles of feet |
Causes of cyanosis | hypoxemia or decreased cardiac output |
Clubbing | an increase in the angle between the base of the nail and the fingernail - usually accompanied by sponginess of the end of the finger |
What is normal tracheal position | midline |
Resonance | low-pitched sound heard over normal lungs |
Hyperresonance | loud, lower-pitched sound than normal resonance heard ofver hyperinflated lungs, such as in chronic obstructive lung disease and acute asthma |
Tympany | Drumlike, loud, empty quality heard over gas-filled stomach or intestines, or pneumothorax |
Dull | Medium-intensity pitch and duration heard over areas of "mixed" solid and lung tissue, such as over the top area of the liver, partially consolidated lung tissue (pneumonia) or fluid-filled pleural space |
Flat | Soft, high-pitch sound of short duration heard over very dense tissue where air is not present |
Created by:
okrecota
Popular Nursing sets