female repro ms Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
How is an endometrial aspiration performed? | flexible cannula inserted into uterus to wash out cells |
How is an endometrial biopsy performed? | uterine sound dilates cervix, curette scrapes tissue for sample |
What kind of anesthesia is used for D&C? | light or general |
What can a D&C be done for? | dx and tx of many gyn prob, abnl bleeding, removal of fetal tissue after miscarriage |
How is a laparoscopy done? | small incision below umbilicus, carbon dioxide into peritoneum, examine pelvic organs, treat pelvic conditions |
What anesthesia is used for culdoscopy? | local or general |
How is a culdoscopy done? | per vagina, incision made into posterior vaginal wall |
What kind of procedure is a colposcopy? | office procedure |
How is a colposcopy done? | speculum into vagina, colposcope w/light & magnifying lens, cervical bx &pap can be done, some vag tx can be done |
How is a hysterosalpingogram done? | bowel prep to remove gas/feces, cannula inserted into cervix, contrast injected, films taken |
What can a hystersalpingogram dx? | adhesions, fallopian tube patency, other structural abnormalities |
What does an ultrsound use to work? | sound waves |
What can an ultrasound visualize? | tumors, cysts, pregnancy structures |
Why should a patient have a full bladder for an ultrasound? | separates uterus from other pelvic structures |
The breast is how many lobes surrounded by fatty tissue? | 15-20 |
What are the subdivisions of the lobes in the breast called? | lobules |
What is the darker area bordering the nipple called? | areola |
What are the hormones that control lactation? | prolactin, progesterone |
What determines the size of breasts? | fatty tissue |
How often should breast self exams be done? | monthly |
How often should a clinical breast exam be done? | yearly by a HCP |
What should be looked for during a breast exam? | palpate for masses, dimpling, flattening, rashes, ulceration, discharge |
What do mammograms detect? | cysts and tumors |
What are the two types of mammograms? | screening and diagnostic |
When should mammograms be done? | every 1-2 years beginning at age 40 |
What is the patient ed for having a mammogram? | avoid using deodorant on the day of the test, comparison to previous umages is essential |
When is a breast ultrasound done? | closely evaluates lesions, useful for dense breast tissue |
What does a breast biopsy do? | determine if a lesion is malignant |
What is an incisional breast biopsy? | performed in OR, frozen quickly for exam by pathologist (frozen section), possibly will proceed w/procedure that will offer best chance of cure |
What is an excisional biopsy? | removal of entire legion, examined by pathologist later, pt discharged and treatments discussed later |
What is an aspiration biopsy? | out pt procedure sometimes w/mammogram or ultrasound guidance, local anesthetic, pathologist examines |
Nursing care r/t breast biopsy | listen to concerns re cancer dx, minimal post procedure discomfort, alert physician to drainage/bleeding/fever/pain, wear supportive bra, keep f/u apt |
What is the nurse's role in all reproductive disorders? | assessment of client, assist w/exams, assist w/relief measures, provide perioperative care, evaluate client progress, instruct on self-care including sexual functions |
What causes PMS? | excess estrogen, hypothalmic-pituitary dysregulation |
What are symptoms of PMS? | weight gain, headache, pain, irritability |
What are the treatments for PMS? | healthful lifestyle changes, hormonal therapy |
PMS causes what kind of symptoms? | physical and emotional |
What are they symptoms of dysmenorrhea? | low abd pain and cramping |
What are the treatments of dysmenorrhea? | non-narcotic analgesics, applications of heat, knee-chest position, adequate rest and diet |
What is amenorrhea? | absence of menstrual flow |
What is primary amenorrhea? | never had menstruation |
What is secondary amenorrhea? | caused by something (pregnancy is main reason) |
What is oligomenorrhea? | infrequent menses |
What causes oligomenorrhea? | endocrine imbalances, stress, poor nutrition, associated conditions (polycystic ovarian syndrome, prematuire ovarian failure) |
What is menorrhagia? | menstruation longer than 7 days |
What causes menorrhagia? | endocrine and coagulation disorders |
How can menorrhagia be managed? | NSAIDS, estrogen and progesterone, endometrial ablations |
What is metorrhagia? | unexpexted and irregular bleeding |
What causes metorrhagia? | pituitary or ovarian stimulation, uterie malignances and cervical irritation, breakthrough bleeding with HRT |
What is the cessation of the menstrual cycle called? | menopause |
What are the two types of menopause? | physiologic and surgical |
What are the two periods of menopause? | climacteric and postmenopausal |
What is the pathophysiology and etiology of menopause? | diminishing ovarian function, reduction in hormones, hypothalmic-pituitary stimulation |
What are the assessment findings of menopause? | menstrual irregularites, vasomotor disturbances (hot flashes) |
What is the medical management of menopause? | HRT, antidepressants, biophosphonates, symptomatic relief measures |
What is the nursing management of menopause? | coping strategies, symptomatic relief measures, routine gynecologic and breast examinations |
What is vaginitis? | vaginal inflammation |
What can cause vaginitis? | chemical or mechanical irritants, pathogenic microorganisms, predisposing factors |
What are the symptoms of vaginitis? | abn vaginal discharge, itching, burning, redness |
What is the medical management of vaginitis? | anti-infective agents, treatment of sexual partner, sumptomatic relief measures |
What is the nursing management for vaginits? | vaginal suppositories, sitz bath, douching (not usually done but medicated may be prescribed), prevention of recurrence and follow up |
What is cervicitis? | inflammation of the cervix |
What can cause cervicitis? | trauma of gynecologic procedures |
What can chronic cervicitis lead to? | infertility |
Assessment findings for cervicitis | hx of spotting or unusual bleeding, hyspareunia, unhealthy vaginial discharge, examination of cervix and vaginal smears |
What is the medical management of cervicitis? | antiobiotics, douching, electrocautery, conization |
What are the postelectrocautery instructions for cervicitis? | rest, no straining or heavy lifting, abstinence from sexual relations |
What is pelvic inflammatory disease? | infection of pelvic organs except uterus |
How is pelvic inflammatory disease contracted? | microorganisms entering through the cervix |
Assessment findings for pelvic inflammatory disease | malodorous vaginal discharge, severe abd and pel pain, fever, menorrghagia, dysmenorrhea, dx by MRI, CT or US |
Medical management of pelvic inflammatory disease | hospitalization, rest, symptomatic relief measures, emergency surgery for pelvic abscess |
PID nursing diagnosis at risk for: | infection, spread of infection, impaired skin integrity, self-care and self-esteem, pain related to inflammation |
Expected outcomes for PID | measures to detect, manage, and prevent infection/control of pain and enhancement of client comfort/perineal skin care |
What should be monitored in patients with PID? | vital signs and leukocyte count |
Toxic shock syndrome is what type of shock? | septic |
How is TSS contracted? | unhygienic use of tampons, chemicals produced by bacteria |
What is the medical management of TSS? | maintenance of body fluids, adrenergics, aerobic metabolism at the cellular level |
What is the nursing management of TSS? | vital signs, cell count, renal functions, first does of antibiotics, perineal hygiene |
What are the signs and symptoms of TSS? | fever and rash |
What is endometriosis? | uterine lining tissue in other places which responds to hormones just as the uterus does. They fluff up and bleed which causes pain and scar tissue to build up |
What can endometriosis cause? | adhesions and sterility |
What are the assessment findings of endometriosis? | dysmenorrhea, chocolate cyst |
What is the medical/surgical management of endometriosis? | removal of cysts, panhysterectomy |
What is the nursing management of endometriosis? | diagnosis and relief measures, regular gynecologic checkups |
What causes vaginal fistulas? | surgical injury, cancer therapy, congenital anomaly, ulcerative colitis |
What is a vesicovaginal fistula? | opening between the bladder and vagina |
What do you assess in a patient with a vaginal fistula? | vaginal drainage, meatus, vault |
What should be promoted after surgery for a vaginal fistula? | sexual activity |
What are the expected outcomes after repair of a vaginal fistual? | positive self-image, self-confidence, skin integrity |
What is a cystocele? | prolapsed bladder |
What is a rectocele? | front wall of the rectum bulging into the vagina |
What causes pelvic organ prolapse? | weakness in muscles and fascia, urinary and bowel alterations |
Signs and symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse | difficulty stanging for long or walking, with cystocele: uterovaginal prolapse |
Medical and surgical managementof pelvic organ prolapse | pessary, kegel exercises, transvaginal repairs |
Nursing management of pelvic organ prolapes | knee-chest postition, avoid heavy lifting, intermittent catheterization of difficulty voiding |
What is retroverted uterus? | tipped backwards |
What can retroversion of the uterus cause? | infertility |
What are the assessment findings with retroverted uterus? | backache, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia |
Medical and surgical management of uterine retroversion | pessary, knee-chest pisition |
Nursing management of retroverted uterus | uterine relocation |
What is a uterine leiomyoma? | benign but uncomfortable uterine fibroid |
Assessment findings for uterine leiomyoma | menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, anemia |
Medical and surgical management for uterine leiomyoma | D&C, myomectomy, hysterectomy |
What are risk factors for cervical/endometrial cancer? | age, hx of diethylstilbestrol (DES), sexual activity |
Medical and surgical management of cervical/endometrial cancer | surgery, hysterectomy, chemotherapy |
Nursing management of cervical/endometrial cancer | heavy liftying, sexual activity, exercise, douching, peroperative/postoperative care, client and family teaching |
Assessment findings for ovarian cysts and benign tumors | menstrual irregilarities, low abd discomfort, backache |
How are ovarian cysts and benign tumors diagnosed? | pelvic exam, US, laparoscopy |
Nursing management of ovarian cysts/benign tumors | pain relief measures gynecologic exams |
Who is at increased risk for ovarian cancer? | hereditary, nulliparous women |
Assessment findings for ovarian cancer | abd discomfort, urinary frequency |
Medical/surgical management of ovarian cancer | oopherectomy, panhysterectomy |
Nursing management of ovarian cancer | emotional support, pre/post op care |
Who is at risk for cancer of the vagina? | older women, HPV infection, DES |
What are they assessment findings for vaginal cancer? | abn vag bleeding, dyspareunia, vag canal examination, biopsy |
Medical and surgical management of vaginal cancer | laser photovaporization treatments, total vaginectomy, radiotherapy |
Nursing management of vaginal cancer | emotional support, physical comfort |
Who has a high incidence of getting cancer of the vulva? | HPV and herpes |
Assessment findings for cancer of the vulva | pruritis and genital burning, white raised patches on labia, bloody discharge, enlarged lymph nodes |
Medical and surgical management of cancer of the vulva | vulvectomy, laser photovaporization |
Nursing assessment of the patient undergoing surgery for cancer of the vulva | pain, skin integrity, Homans sign |
Diagnosis planning and interventions for the patient undergoing surgery for cancer of the vulva | biopsy, surgery, self-care activities |
Client education for tumors of the female reproductive system | maintain skin integrity and self esteem, promote sexual intimacy |
Evaluation of expected outcomes for patients with tumors of the female reproductive system include | wound healing, reduction of dependent edema, sitz bath, stool softeners |
What can large doses of vitamin B6 for dysmenorrhea cause? | sensory neuropathy |
What food may help alleviate menopausal symptoms? | soy products |
What foods can aggravate PMS symptoms? | salt and caffeine |
What are possible issues with estrogen therapy? | diuretics, side effects, thromboembolism, risk of osteoporosis and renal calculi |
What can androgen therapy do? | recalcification of bone |
What happens with androgen therapy initially? | increased bone pain |
What does alendronate do? | prevents bone resorption |
What causes mastitis? | plugged lactiferous ducts, staphylococcus aureus |
What are the assessment findings for mastitis? | fever, malaise, breast tenderness, pain, redness and hardness, crack in nipple or areola, enlarged axillary lymph nodes, culture and sensitivity test |
Medical management of mastitis | antibiotics, analgesics, heat application, if lactating breasts are emptied using a breast pump, systemic antibiotics |
Nursing management of mastitis | obtain health history, prepare client for physical exam, collect breast milk specimen, client teaching |
What does the client teaching for mastitis include? | self-administering antibiotics, principles of medical asepsis, breast feeding techniques and alternatives |
What is a complication of mastitis? | breast abscess |
Assessment findings of breast abscess | signs and symptoms of mastitis, pus may drain from nipple, phys exam, culture and sensitivity test |
medical and surgical management of breast abscess | hospitalization, contact isolation, IV antibiotics, incision and drainage of abscess |
Nursing management of breast abscess | remove and reapply dressings, use aseptic technique, emotional support, prmote comfort, application of tight fitting bra |
How can the nurse promote comfort with a breast abscess? | binder, zinc oxide, arm and shoulder support, axillary hair, breast milk removal |
What causes fibrocystic breast disease? | hormonal changes during menstrual cycle, aggravated by caffeine and nicotine |
Signs and symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease | tender, painful breasts;multiple lumps in breast tissue; influence of menstrual cycle |
Diagnostic findings of fibrocystic breast disease | physical and cytologic exam, incisional biopsy, mammogram, ultrasound |
Medical and surgical management of fibrocystic breast disease | analgesicas, oral contraceptives, cyst removal, mastectomy |
Nursing management of fibrocystic breast disease | health hx, diagnostic tests prep and support, client teaching |
What client teaching would you do for fibrocystic breast disease? | BSE, medication use, physical examination, diet, activity, breast care |
What influences fibroadenoma? | hormones |
What kind of nodule is it when a patient has fibroadenoma? | single nodule, no change with menstrual cycle |
Assessment findings for fibroadenoma | painless and nontender lump, encapsulated mobile and firm lesion, ultrasound, excisional biopsy |
Fibroadenoma medical and surgical management | observation, excision or tumor removal |
Nursing management for fibroadenoma | provide emotional support, client teaching |
What are the risk factors for breast cancer? | female, >50 years old, family history |
What is breast cancer? | mass of abnormal cells |
Signs and symptoms of breast cancer | painless mass in breast, bloody discharge from nipple, dimpling of skin, nipple retraction, asymmetrical breast size orange peel skin |
What drug is used for breast cancer? | tamoxifen |
Surgical management of breast cancer | lumpectomy, partial mastectomy, segmental mastectomy, mastectomy, sentinel node mapping, lymphedema |
When is radiation therapy used in breast cancer? | before/after surgery, prophylactically |
Side effects of radiation | fatigue, skin redness, rash, minor discomfort, pain |
Nursing management of breast cancer | emotional support, pre/post op care |
What client teaching would you give for breast cancer? | complications:lymphedema, self care measures, chemotherapy side effects, wound care, exercise, prosthesis care |
Where can breast cancer spread to? | pulmonary systems, brain, liver, skeletal |
Medical management of metastatic breast cancer | palliative treatment, intramuscular androgen therapy, radiation therapy |
What drugs are used as chemoprevention for breast cancer? | tamoxifen, raloxifene |
What is refashioning of the area of a mastectomy called? | breast reconstruction |
What is breast size reduction called? | reduction mammoplasty |
What does opposite breast reduction do? | correct asymmetry, reduce healthy breast to resemble size of a reconstructed breast |
What is a breast lift called? | mastopexy |
What does mastopexy correct? | ptosis/drooping |
Nurse's role in breast augmentation | pre/post op care: semi-fowler's position, pain management/client teaching |
Created by:
angepu
Popular Nursing sets