RADT308 - ABDOMEN Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
KUB stands for	kidneys, ureters, bladder
acute abdominal series will generally require a minimum of how many views?	2 - upright/decub abdomen and supine abdomen (may include chest also)
three muscles important in abdominal radiography	diaphragm, right psoas, left psoas
accessory organs for the digestive system	liver, gallbladder, pancreas
six organs of the digestive system	oral cavity, pharynx, esohagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
part of the lymphatic system that may be visible on an abdomen radiograph	spleen
an expandable reservoir for swallowed food and fluids; size and shape may vary depending on contents and body habitus	stomach
extends between the stomach and large intestine	small intestine
shortest portion of the small intestine	duodenum
first portion of the small intestine	duodenum
portion of the small intestine that looks like the letter C	duodenum
proximal portion of the duodenum	duodenal bulb
portion of the small bowel following the duodenum	jejunum
most distal portion of the small bowel	ileum
valve between the small and large intestine	ileocecal valve
liver, gallbladder and pancreas drain into this part of the small bowel	duodenum
may appear feather-like on the radiograph	jejunum
portion of large intestine below the ileocecal valve	cecum
fingerlike projection at the posteromedial aspect of the cecum	appendix
portion of large intestine immediately above the cecum	ascending colon
area joining the ascending and transverse colon	hepatic flexure or right colic flexure
area joining the descending and transverse colon	splenic flexure or left colic flexure
portion of the large intestine between the ascending and descending colon	transverse
portion of the large intestine distal to the descending colon	sigmoid
final 15 cm of large intestine	rectum
sphincter muscle at the terminal opening of the large intestine	anus
spleen is located in which quadrant	LUQ
besides the lymphatic system, what other system is the spleen associated with?	circulatory
accessory digestive organ that is part of the endocrine and exocrine secretion systems	pancreas
hormone released by pancreas to regulate blood sugar	insulinh
portion of the pancreas closest the the duodenum	head
three parts of the pancreas	head, body, tail
liver is located in what quadrant	RUQ
function of the liver that aids in digestion	bile production
what does bile aid in the digestion of?	fats
stores extra bile	gallbladder
pear-shaped sac located below the liver	gallbladder
primary function of the gallbladder	store and concentrate bile
imaging modality usually requiring contrast for visualization of abdominal organs	CT, IVU, ERCP, fluoro - GI studies
kidney that lies more inferiorly compared to other kidney	right
shape of the kidneys	bean
kidneys transport waste to the bladder via this structure	ureter
right kidney sits lower than the left due to this organ	liver
double-walled, saclike membrane covering the adbdominal structures and organs as well as the wall of the abdominal cavity	peritoneum
peritoneum that adheres to the abdominal wall	parietal
peritoneum that adheres to the organs	visceral
space between parietal and visceral peritoneums	peritoneal cavity
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity	ascites
double fold of peritoneum that extends anteriorly from the posterior abdominal wall to completely envelope a loop of small bowel	mesentery
specific type of double fold peritoneum that extends from the stomach to another organ	omentum
type of omentum that extends superiorly from the lesser curvature of the stomach to portions of the liver	lesser omentum
type of omentum that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon	greater omentum
peritoneum that connects the colon to the posterior abdominal wall	mesocolon
structures closely attached to the posterior abdominal wall that are posterior to the peritoneum	retroperitoneal organs
organs located beneath the peritoneum in the true pelvis	infraperitoneal organs
organs within the abdominal cavity that are partially or completely covered by some type of visceral peritoneum but are not posterior or inferior to the peritoneal cavity	intraperitoneal
liver location in regards to peritoneal cavity	intraperitoneal
gallbladder location in regards to peritoneal cavity	intraperitoneal
major abdoinal blood vessels location in regards to peritoneal cavity	retroperitoneal
reproductive organs location in regards to peritoneal cavity	infraperitoneal
spleen location in regards to peritoneal cavity	intraperitoneal
kidneys location in regards to peritoneal cavity	retroperitoneal
upper rectum location in regards to peritoneal cavity	retroperitoneal
lower rectum location in regards to peritoneal cavity	infraperitoneal
sigmoid colon location in regards to peritoneal cavity	intraperitoneal
transverse colon location in regards to peritoneal cavity	intraperitoneal
urinary bladder location in regards to peritoneal cavity	infraperitoneal
stomach location in regards to peritoneal cavity	intraperitoneal
ascending and descending colon location in regards to peritoneal cavity	retroperitoneal
ureters location in regards to peritoneal cavity	retroperitoneal
jejunum and ileum location in regards to peritoneal cavity	intraperitoneal
duodenum location in regards to peritoneal cavity	retroperitoneal
pancreas location in regards to peritoneal cavity	retroperitoneal
cecum location in regards to peritoneal cavity	intraperitoneal
adrenal glands location in regards to peritoneal cavity	retroperitoneal
top right quadrant containing liver, gallbladder, right colic flexure, dudoenum, head of pancreas, right kidney	RUQ
top left quadrant containing spleen, stomach, left colic flexure, tail of pancreas, left kidney	LUQ
bottom right quadrant containing ascending colon, appendix, cecum, 2/3 ileum and ileocecal valve	RLQ
bottom left quadrant containing descending colon, sigmoid colon and 2/3 jejunum	LLQ
abdominal region surronding belly button	umbilical
abdominal region immediately superior to the umbilical region	epigastric
abdominal region immediately inferior to the umbilical region	hypogastric
abdominal region to patient's right side of the umbilical region	right lateral (lumbar)
abdominal region to patient's left side of the umbilical region	left lateral (lumbar)
abdominal region to the patients left side of the epigastric region	left hypochondriac
abdominal region to the patients right side of the epigastric region	right hypochondriac
abdominal region to the patients left side of the hypogastric region	left inguinal (iliac)
abdominal region to the patients right side of the hypogastric region	right inguinal (iliac)
xyphoid tip is at this spine location	T9-T10
inferior costal ribg margin is at this approximate level of the spine	L2-L3
iliac crest is at this approximate level of the spine	L4-L5
The greater trochanter lies at the same level as this bony landmark for abdominal positioning	symphysis pubis
abdominal radiographs are exposed at this point of respiration	expiration
to decrease chance of voluntary motion, you would ______.	decrease exposure time
acute abdominal series may be indicated for	bowel obstructions, ileus, intrabdominal masses, ascites, perforated hollow viscus, post op
telescoping of the bowel into another loop of bowel	intussusception
twisting of a loop of intestine creating an obstruction	volvulus
chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall; most common in young adults and characterized by loops of small bowel joined by fistulas or connected openings with adjacent loops of intestine	crohn's
most common cause of mechanically based obstruction	fibrous adhesions
non mechanical bowel obstruction	ileus
chronic disease involving inflammation of the colon	ulcerative colitis
in addition to supine and erect or decubitis abdomen, this view may also be included on an acute abdominal series	PA chest
CR for AP abdomen	iliac crest
asthenic patients may require this for AP abdomen imaging	two lengthwise films
hypersthenic patients may require this for AP abdomen imaging	two crosswise films
SID for abdominal imaging	40 inches
normal orientation for abdominal x-rays	lengthwise
kV range for AP abdomen	70-85
mAs range for AP abdomen	15-22
PA position is less desirable for abdomen due to this reason	kidneys further from the IR
Benefit of doing PA abdomen?	Save on gonadal dose if protocol allows; tissue compression
CR for PA abdomen	iliac crest
respiration for PA abdomen	expiration
why do a LLD?	demonstrate free air in area of liver away from gastric bubble
how long should patient lie on their side to allow air fluid levels to settle	min 5 minutes but 10-20 minutes preferred
pathology demonstrated on a lateral decubitis	abdominal masses, air-fluid levels and possible accumulations of intraperitoneal air
orientation of the film to the patient for a lateral decubitis	lengthwise
kV range for lateral decubitis	70-85
mAs for lateral decubits	30
CR for lateral decubitis	2 inches above iliac crests to include diaphragm
Patient name ID and marker placement should be on the ______ aspect of the abdomen image	inferior
respiration for lateral decubitis	expiration
kv range for erect abdomen	70-85
mAs for erect abdomen	30
film size for erect abdomen	14x17 lengthwise
SID for erect abdomen	minimum 40 inches
CR for erect abdomen	2 inches above iliac crest to include diaphragm
to see air fluid levels on an abdomen image within the bowel, what position would you use?	erect, lateral decubitis
to visualize aneurysms, what abdominal position would you use?	dorsal decubitis
CR for dorsal decubitis	2 inches above iliac crest if diaphragm is to be included; at the level of the iliac crest otherwise
respiration for dorsal decubitis	expiration
patient supine and left side against image receptor using a horizontal beam entering 2 inches above iliac crest- this describes what position	left dorsal decubits
position used to visualize prevertebral region	lateral or dorsal decubitis
CR for lateral abdomen	2 inches above iliac crest if diaphragm is to be included; at the iliac crest otherwise
SID for lateral abdomen	40 inches
kV range for lateral abdomen	70-85
kV for dorsal decubitis	70-85
respiration for lateral abdomen	expiration
to reduce scatter on a lateral image, what would you do?	collimate and use lead blocker behind patient
what positions may be utilized for location of foreign bodies	AP and lateral abdomen
Of the positions in an acute abdominal series, what positions will best demonstrate free air	PA chest or Erect abdomen
Name the 7 topographic landmarks for abdominal positioning	xiphoid tip, inferior costal rib margin, iliac crest, ASIS, greater trochanter, symphysis pubis, ischial tuberosity
elongation of an iliac wing on an abdomen radiograph indicates what?	rotation of the abdomen toward elongated side
true/false - gonadal shielding should be used for abdominal radiographs of females within childbearing age	false - it will obstruct the anatomy of interest
what marker should be used on dorsal decubitis view of the abdomen?	decubitis marker (if available) and a left or right marker indicating which side is against the image receptor

Created by: hschmuck1

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