Muscle physiology Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| what is the general source of stimulation? | a neuron |
| what is the name of the junction between axon terminal and motor end plate? | neuromuscular junction |
| what is the axon terminal? | the end of an axon |
| what is a synaptic vessicle? | vessicles within the axon terminal that contain the neurotransmitter ACh which gets the message from neuron to muscle cell |
| what is the neurotransmitter associated with the snyaptic vessicles? | acetocholine |
| what is the synaptic cleft? | the space between the axon terminal and motor end plate |
| what is the motor end plate? | the plate that has receptors for acetocholine on it |
| what is it called when there is a charge difference? | resting potential |
| on the outside of the cell membrane there is an abunance of..? | Na+ (sodium ions) |
| on the inside of the cell membrance there is an abundance of...? | K+ (potassium ions) |
| what makes the inside of the cell membrane negative? | although there is an abundance of K+ on the inside, there is still more sodium ions on the outside, therefore, there is a difference in the charges |
| only ____ and ____ cells can do something with the resting potential | muscle and nerve |
| all other cells just ____ resting potential | maintain |
| whwhat happens to the sodium and potassium ions when the membrane of a nerve or muscle cell is stimulated? | there is a change in the permeablity in the membrane so sodium ions go to the bottom and potassium ions go to the top |
| the change in permeablitiy of the membrane happens _____ at a time. the outside stimuli causes the first to _____ than first stimulates the second to ______ | one; switch; switch |
| the "switch" during action potential is really what? | depolarization |
| what is action potential? | the self propogating wave of depolarization |
| what is the first step for excitation-contraction coupling? | action potential comes down axon terminal and changes the permeablity of the terminal |
| what is the second step for excitation-contraction coupling? | Ca+ comes from the envronment and makes the synaptic vessicles merge with the terminal so acetocholine can diffuse across the synaptic cleft |
| what is the 3rd step for excitation-contraction coupling? | the acetocholine diffuses across the synaptic celft and attaches to the receptors on the motor end plate |
| what is the 4th step for excitation contraction coupling? | the attachment to the motor end plate allows the action potential to travel along the sarcolemma and once it gets to the t tubles it changes the permeablity in the terminal cisternae and allows them to release Ca+ |
| what is the 5th step for excitation contraction coupling"? | calcium binds to troponin and tropomyosin |
| what is the 6th step for excitation contraction coupling? | cross bridges flip up and connect to actin and cause it to slide toward the H zone |
| what is the 7th step for excitation contraction coupling? | acetylcholinesterase stops contraction |
| ATP comes from? | broken down glucose |
| what do you get when you take away a phosphate from ATP? | ADP |
| the ADP releases | energy and the ability to do work is prsent |
| ATP is stored in | the myosin head |
| a new ATP molecule after cross bridges are flipped... | breaks attachment |
| what is the first step of the cross bridge attachment? | energized myosin head attaches to actin and forms a cross bridge |
| what is the second step of the cross bridge attachement? | the power stroke |
| what is the power stroke? | ADP + P 1 is released and myosin head pivots and bends and pulls on the actin and slides it toward the M line |
| what is the 3rd step of the cross bridge attachment? | ATP attaches to myosin and the link between actin and myosin weakens and myosin head detaches |
| what is the 4th step of the cross bridge attachment? | ATP gets hydrolized to ATP and P1 and then the head returns to its unattached position |
| what is tension? | force buliding up in muscle (inside the muscle) |
| what is load? | what is being moved (outside the muscle) |
| what is isotonic contraction? | when there is no change in tension but a change in length |
| what is isometric contraction? | when there is no change in length but a change in tension |
| the motor unit is the functional unit of..? | the whole muscle |
| what does the motor unit include? | the motor neuron, muscle cell of which the neuron is attached |
| How many axon terminal associations does each cell have? | only 1 |
| How many motor units and axon terminals can an axon have? | many |
| How do we maintain tone? * | by having different motor units work on the same |
| what is a myogram? | picture of electrical activity of the muscle |
| what is a twitch? | when a muscle is stimulated once by a single stimulus that produces a quick jerking movement |
| What is the lag phase in a myogram? | latent period in contraction where the charge is still moving down the sarcolemma, etc |
| what is contraction in a myogram? | building up of muscle tension; the # of myosin & actin bonds begin to increase until it reaches maximum contraction |
| what happens after contraction in a myogram? | period of relaxation |
| different muscles will respond ______ to the same stimulus | differently |
| what is graded muscle response? | tension in the muscle changes gradually |
| contraction strength can change only by: | stimulus frequency and stimulus intensity |
| what is stimulus frequency? | how many times stimulus is applied |
| what is stimulus intensity? | amount of stimulus being applied |
| in low stimulus frequency contraction, the stimulation is: | unfused and incomplete |
| what is wave summation? | build up of stimultion that is greater than the previous stimulation applied because it adds to the previous one before it finishes contraction |
| in wave summation, why is stimulation greater each time it is applied? | because it adds stimulation before the contraction can finish |
| the more rapidly the stimulation is applied, the ._______ the stimulation | greater |
| in high stimulus frequency contraction the stimuation is: | fused tetanus |
| what is the stimulation tetanus in high frequency stimulation? | because the stimulus is applied before the contraction has time to begin to undo itself |
| what causes muscle to fatigue | fused tetanus contraction because the cell cannot respond because of a lack of energy |
| a change in stimulus intensity is generally measured in what? | volts |
| more and more motor units begin to be _____ with increase of intensity | excited |
| what is threshold intensity? | the point at which there is a first response to the buliding intensity of stimulus |
| what is the lowest intensety that will genereate a response from a muscle called? | threshold intensity |
| what is subthreshold intensity? | intensity applied before threshold that is too weak to generate a response |
| what is maximal stimulated intensity? | stimulus intensity beyond which there is an increase in contraction |
| the more and more intensity added after threshold, the more ___ are filled to capactiy | myofibrils |
| why is it when you reach maximal intensity in stimulus intensity, will the contraction not increase? | because all of the motor units have been engaged |
Created by:
100000098798375
Popular Biology sets