Test 3 3rd week Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Chadwick's Sign | deepened violet- bluish color of vaginal mucosa secondary to increased vascularity of the area |
Goodell sign | softening of the cervical tip |
Ballottement | Rebound of unengaged fetus |
Braxton Hicks Contractions | False contractions, painless,irregular, and usually relieved by walking |
Positive signs of pregnancy | Fetal heart sounds,Visualization of fetus by ultrasound,Fetal movement palpated by an examiner. |
Serum and urine tests provide an accurate assessment forMcDonald's Method | The presence of human chorionic gonadotropin(hcg) |
hCG production can start as early as | the day of implantation and can be detected as early as 7-10 days after conception |
Production of hCG begins with implantation, peaks at about 60-70 days of gestation and then | declines until around 80 days of pregnancy, when it begins to gradually increase until term |
Higher hCG levels can indicate | multifetal pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole(gestational trophoblastic disease)or Downs syndrome |
Low Levels of hCG may suggest | Miscarriage |
Some medications(anticonvulsants,duuretics,tranquilizers | Can cause false-positive or false-negative pregnancy results |
Urine samples should be | First voided morning specimens |
Nagele's Rule | Take the first day of the women's last menstrual cycle,subtract 3 months,and then add 7 days and 1 year |
McDonald's Method | Measures uterine fundal height in cm. fron the symphysis pubis to the top of the uterus fundus between 18-30 weeks of gestation |
Gravidity | Number of pregnancies |
Nulligravida | A women who has never been pregnant |
Primigravida | A women in her first pregnancy |
Multigravida | A women who has had two or more pregnancies |
Parity | Number of pregnancies in which the fetus or fetuses reach viability(20-24 wks)or fetal wt. of more than 500g (2lbs)reguardless of whether the fetus is alive or not. |
GTPAL acronym | Gravity,Term Births,Preterm,Abortion,Living Children |
G | Gravity |
T | Term births (38 wks or more) |
P | Preterm births(from viability up to 37 weeks) |
A | Abortions/ Miscarriage (prior to viability) |
L | Living Children |
Reproductive | The uterus will increase in size and change shape and position |
Ovulation and menses | Cease during pregnancy |
Cardiovascular | Cardiac output and blood volume increases (45-50% at term)to meet the greater metabolic needs.HR increases during pregnacy |
Respiratory | Maternal oxygen needs increase |
During the last trimester, the size of the chest may enlarge, allowing for | lung expansion,as the uterus pushes upward,Increased respiratory rate and decreased total lung capacity |
Musculoskeltal | Body alteration and weight increase necessitate and adjust in posture.Pelvic joints relax. |
Gastrointestinal | N/V may occur due to hormonal changes(Estrogen) |
Constipation may occur due to increased | Transit time of food through the GI system and thus , increase water absorption |
Renal | Filtration rate increases |
Blood pressure | Decreases 5-10mm Hg for both the diastolic and the systolic during the 2nd trimester |
Blood Pressure should return to prepregnancy baseline range after | 20 weeks of gestation |
Pulse increases | 10-15/min around 20 weeks of gestation and remains elevated throughout the remainder of pregnancy. |
Respirations increase by | 1-2 min due to elevation of the diaphragm by as much as 4 cm |
Fetal heart tones are heard at a normal baseline rate of | 110-160/min with reassurinf FHR accelerations noted, which indicate an intact fetal CNS |
Murmurs are common in | pregnant women |
Breast changes occur due to | Hormones secreted during pregnancy |
Chloasma | Mask of pregnancy(pigmentation increases on the face) |
Lonea Nigra | Dark line of pigmentation from the umbilicus extending to the pubic area |
Striae Gravidarum | Stretch marks most notably found on the abdomen and thighs |
The client should be encouraged to keep all follow up appointments and to contact the physician immediately if | there is any bleeding,leakage of fluid, or contractions at any time during the pregnancy |
Prenatal care begins with an initial assessment and continues throughout pregnancy.Prenatal visits are scheduled | Every Month for 7 months, every 2 weeks during 8th month and every week during last month. |
Monitoring Fetal Heart Rate(FTR) | Fetal HR can be heard by a doppler at 10-12 weeks gestation |
Fetal heart rate can be heard with ultrasound at | 16-20 weeks |
Start measuring the funfal height after | 12 weeks gestation. |
Between 13-30 weeks of gestation, the fundal height measured in cm. should | Equal the week of gestation |
Have the client empty her bladder and measure from the | Symphysis pubis to the upper border of the fundus |
Begin assessing for fetal movement between | 16-20 weeks of gestation |
Administer Rh (D) immune globulin(RhoGAM) IM around | 28 weeks of gestation for clients who are Rh negative |
It is recommended that mothers count fetal activity 2 or 3 times a day for | 60 min each time |
Fetal movements of less than 3 in/hr or movements that cease entirely for 12 hours indicate a | need for further evaluation |
Nausea and vomiting may occur during the first trimester | The client should eat crackers or dry toast 1/2 to 1 hour before rising in the morning to relieve discomfort. |
Instruct client to avoid having an empty stomach and ingesting | spicy foods,greasy or greasy or gas forming foods. |
Encourage client to drink | fluids between meals |
Breast tenderness should occur during the | 1st trimester.Client should wear a support bra |
Urinary frequency may occur during the | 1st and 3rd trimesters |
The client should empty her bladder frequently and | Decrease fluid intake before bedtime and use perineal pads. |
Kegel exercises(alternating tightening and relaxation of pubococcygeal muscles)to reduce | Stress incontience(leakage of urine with coughing and sneezing) |
Urinary tract infections(UTI) are common during pregnancy because of | Renal changes and the vaginal flora becoming more alkoline |
UTI risk can be decreased by encouraging the client to | Wipe the perineal area from font to back after voiding,Avoid bubble baths,wearing cotton underpants,avoid tight fitting clothes and 8 glasses of water a day. |
The client should urinate before and after intercourse to flush bacteria from the | Urethra that can be introduced during intercourse |
Advise client to notify her primary care provider if her urine is | Malodorous or contains blood or pus. |
Fatigue may occur during the first and third trimester | Encourage client to engage in frequent rest periods |
Heartburn may occur during the 2nd &3rd trimester due to | Stomach being displaced by the enlarging uterus and a slowing of GI tract mobility and digestion brought on by increased progesterone levels. |
Heartburn | The client should eat small frequent meals,not get to full or to empty,sit up 30 min after meal,and ask doctor about OTC antacids. |
Constipation may occur during 2nd & 3rd trimester.The client should be encouraged to | Drink plenty of fluids,high fiber diet, and exercise regularly |
Hemorrhoids may occur during the 2nd & 3rd trimester | A warm sitz bath,witch hazel pads,and topical ointments applied to the area will help relieve discomfort. |
Backaches are common during 2nd and 3rd trimesters.The client should be encouraged to | Exercise regularly,perform pelvic tilt exercises(alternately arching and straightening the back), use proper body mechanics using the legs to lift rather than the back and use side laying position. |
Shortness of breath and dyspnea may occur because the diaphram is | Elevated about 4cm by the enlarged uterus. |
The client should maintain good posture, sleep with pillows and | Contact the primary care provider if systems worsen. |
Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is usually | 25-35lbs |
The general rule is that a client should gain | 3-4lbs during the first trimester,and then1lb per week for the last two trimesters |
Increasing protein intake is essential | to basic growth |
Increasing foods high in folic acid is crucial for | Neorological development and the prevention of neural tube defects |
Foods high in Folic Acid | Leafy vegetables,dried peas and beans,seeds and orange juice,breads cereals and other grains. |
It is recommended that 600 mcg of | Folic Acid should be taken during pregnancy |
Current recommendations for women lactating include | Consuming 500mcg of folic acid |
Iron supplements are ofter added to the prenatal plan to facilitate an increase of | RBC mass |
Iron is best asorbed between meals and when given with a good source of | Vitamin C |
Milk and Caffeine interfere with the absorption of | Iron supplement |
2 to 3 L of fluids are recommended daily | Fluids that are preferable include water,fruit juice and milk |
Caffeine intake should be limited to | 300md/day |
The equivalent of 500-750mL/day of coffee may increase the risk of | Spontaneous abortion or fetal intrauterine growth |
It is recommended that women abstain from | Alcohol consumption during pregnancy |
PKU | This is a maternal genetic disease in which high levels of phenylalanine pose danger to the fetus |
It is important for the female client to resume the PKU diet for at least | 3 months prior to pregnancy and continue the diet throughout pregnancy |
The clients blood phenylaline levels should be | Monitored throughout pregnancy |
HIV is transmitted from the mother to a neonate perinatally through the | Placenta and postnatally through the breast milk |
TORCH | Is an acronym for a group of infections that can negatively affect a women who is pregnant |
T-Toxoplasmosis | Is caused by consumption of raw or undercooked meats or handling cat feces.Symptoms are similar to influenza |
R-Rubella(german measles) | Is contracted through children who have rashes or neonates born to mothers who had rubella while pregnant |
C-Cytomegalovirus(member of the herpes virus family) | Is transmitted by droplet infection from person to person, a virus found in semen,cervical and vaginal secretions,breast milk,placenta tissue,urine feces and blood. |
H-Herpes Simplex Virus(HSV) | Is spread by direct contact with oral or genital lesions.Transmission to the fetus is greatest during vaginal birth if the woman has active lesions |
Rubella, vaccinations of women who are pregnant are | Contraindicated because Rubella infection may develop.These women should avoid crowds of young children |
Women with low titers prior to pregnancy should | Receive immunizations |
Because no treatment for cytomegalovirus exist, tell the client | To prevent exposure by frequent hand hygiene before eating,and avoiding crowds of young children. |
Created by:
angelal0010
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