final-review 10 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
balance: | “a state of physical equilibrium,” “maintenance and control of the center of gravity,” and “achieving and maintaining an upright posture.” |
All definitions of balance assume | integrated somatosensory, visual, and vestibular information within the central nervous system. |
Somatosensory receptors are located | in the joints, muscles, ligaments, and skin to provide proprioceptive information regarding length, tension, pressure, pain, and joint position. |
Proprioceptive and tactile input from the ankles, knees, hips, neck, and eye musculature | provide balance information to the brain. |
Visual receptors | allow for perceptual acuity regarding verticality, motion of objects and self, environmental orientation, postural sway, and movements of the head/neck. |
visual input: . | Children rely heavily on this system for maintenance of balance |
The vestibular system | provides the central nervous system with feedback regarding the position and movement of the head with relation to gravity. |
The labyrinth ( | which lies within the otic capsule of the temporal bone) consists of three semicircular canals filled with endolymph and two otolith organs. |
Semicircular canals | respond to the movement of fluid with head motion. Otoliths measure the effects of gravity and movement with regard to acceleration/deceleration. |
Balance Reactions Ankle strategy: | The ankle strategy is the first strategy to be elicited by a small range and slow velocity perturbation when the feet are on the ground. |
Balance Reactions Ankle strategy | Muscle groups contract in a distal to proximal fashion to control postural sway from the ankle joint. |
Balance Reactions Hip strategy: | The hip strategy is elicited by a greater force, challenge or perturbation through the pelvis and hips. |
Balance Reactions Hip strategy | The hips will move (in the opposite direction from the head) in order to maintain balance. Muscle groups contract in a proximal to distal fashion in order to counteract the loss of balance. |
Suspensory strategy: | The suspensory strategy is used to lower the center of gravity during standing or ambulation in order to better control the center of gravity. |
Examples of Suspensory strategy | knee flexion, crouching or squatting. This strategy is often used when both mobility and stability are required during a task (such as surfing). |
Stepping strategy: | is elicited through unexpected challenges or perturbations during static standing or when the perturbation produces such a movement that the center of gravity is beyond the base of support. |
Stepping strategy | The lower extremities step and/or upper extremities reach to regain a new base of support. |
Created by:
micah10
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