Regents Vocab Review Word Scramble

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Term	Definition
Abiotic	non-living factors (ex. sun
Acid Rain	rain that has a low pH (very acidic) and lowers the pH of the environment
active transport	move from low to high concentration
Active transport	Requires the use of energy moves from low to high concentration
Adaptation	An inherited trait that allows a species to survive (ex. strong wings
allergy	extreme immune response to a harmless substance
Alternative energy sources	energy sources that are alternatives to fossil fuels and better for the environment (wind
amino acid	building blocks of proteins coded by RNA
Anaerobic	Doesn't make more oxygen
Antibiotic	Medicine that inhabits the growth of bacteria
Antibiotic resistance	when there is a natural variation (mutation) in bacteria and the ones with the mutation become resistant to antibiotics; solution to the problem →make a new antibiotic
Antibody	molecule made by white blood cell that identifies antigens on pathogen (SHAPE MATTERS)
Antigen	molecule on pathogens that trigger an immune response
antigen	molecules on surface of pathogens the immune system recognizes as foreign
Aerobic respiration	Requires oxygen and makes more ATP energy of sugar
Asexual reproduction	A method of reproduction in which all the genes passed on to the offspring come from a single individual or parent
ATP	energy molecule for cells
Autotroph	An organism that produces its own food; the source of energy for all other living things on earth
Bacteria	Any one of many single-felled organisms without a distinct nucleus
Base	DNA are made up of these four molecules (G C A T) (REMEMBER → G - C and A - T)
Biodiversity	The variety of species in an area
Biomagnification	there are more toxins at the top of an energy pyramid because the number of toxins increases as they move up the pyramid
Biotic	living factors (plants
Carbohydrates	made up of simple sugars (needed for energy)
Carnivore	consumes/heterotrophs that eat other consumers (meat eaters)
carrying capacity	the largest population of any species an ecosystem can support
Catalyst	another word for enzyme
Cell	The basic unit of structure and function that makes up all organisms
cell membrane	thin
cell wall	supports plant cells
Cellular respiration	process that makes ATP (O2 + glucose → CO2 + H2O + ATP)
Chromosomes	A thick thread like structure that contains genetic information in the form of DNA
Circulatory system	system that pumps O2 and glucose to cells and pumps away CO2 and waste through blood (transportation
climax community	last community to move in during succession
clone	genetically identical copies made by asexual reproduction
common ancestor	organism that different species both evolved from
Communication	Exchange of information between organs
Community	A combination of all the different populations that live and interact in the same environment
competition	fighting for the same resources
Constant	things that stay the same in an experiment; NEVER the variables
Consumer	organisms that get food from eating (consuming) other organisms (animals)
control group	the group that is the experiment is compared to
Cytoplasm	gel-like substance in cell
Data	The results of specific traits or tests completed during experiments
data analysis	use of tables
Decomposer	organisms that break down dead organisms into nutrients (bacteria
Deforestation	cutting down trees; causes loss of biodiversity
Differentiation	the process of cells becoming specialized during fetal development (happens after mitosis)
Diffusion	Movement of molecules from high energy uses no energy
Digestion	breaks big molecules into smaller molecules
Digestive system	system that brings in and breaks down food into glucose
Direct harvesting	when you plant one crop and harvest all of it
DNA	double stranded molecule that contains genetic information
Ecological succession	when an ecological community changes over time from bare land (least amount of biodiversity and least stable) to a very bio-diverse and stable environment; if it is burned down or destroyed
Ecology	The study of how living things interact with each other and with their own environment
Ecosystem	All the living and nonliving things that interact in a species area;a subdivision of the environment
Embryo	An organism in the early stages of development
energy pyramid	shows how energy moves and is lost through a food chain (10% rule)
Enzyme	Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in living things
estrogen	female reproductive hormone
Estrogen/progesterone	female sex hormones that regulate female reproductive cycle
Evolution	The process by which species have changed overtime
Excretory system	system that gets rid of waste from blood through urine (kidneys)
experimental group	the group that is testing the hypothesis
Extinct	when a species dies because it could not survive in the changing environment
Extinction	The disappearance of all members of a species on earth
Fat	Compound made of fatty acid molecules
Feedback mechanisms	when the body regulates internal imbalances
fertilization	combining of egg and sperm
Fetus	The unborn developing young of an animal during the later stages
Food chain	A representation that identifies the specific relationships among organisms
Food web	A representation of many interconnected food chains that shows the feeding relationships among
Fossil fuels	oil
Fossil record	A collection of fossils used to represent earth's history
Fossil record	A collection of fossils used to represent earth's history
Fungi	A kingdom of organisms that are mostly multicellular have cell walls made of chitin and are heterotrophic
Fungi	A kingdom of organisms that are mostly multicellular have cell walls made of chitin and are heterotrophic
Gametes	sex cells (egg and sperm); mutations in these cells are passed to offspring
gel electrophoresis	technique that determines relationships between organisms by comparing DNA
Gene	section of DNA that codes for a protein (trait)
gene expression	genes may be turned "on" or "off" based on an organism's needs and environmental conditions
Genetic engineering	A set of technologies that humans use to Alter the genetic instructions of an organism b substituting DNA molecules
Genetic similarities	the best evidence of evolution (includes similar DNA and amino acid sequences); if two species have a lot of DNA in common
genetic variation	differences in genes or DNA among offspring
Global warming	increase in earth's temperature
graph	Title (IV vs DV)
Greenhouse gases	gases that cause global warming (ex. CO2)
Guard cell	Specialized cells that control the opening and closing the pores on the surface of the leaf
Habitat	The place where a plant or animal lives
Herbivore	consumers/heterotrophs that eat producers/autotrophs (plant eaters)
Heterotroph	An organism that cannot make its own food; a consumer
Heterotroph	An organism that cannot make its own food; a consumer
heterotroph	eats others for food
Heterotroph	organisms that get food from eating other organisms; another word for consumer (animals)
HIV	a virus that attacks the immune system
Hole in ozone layer	a problem caused by using CFCs; it lets in too much UV radiation from the sun
Homeostasis	internal balance in an organism
Hormones	proteins that travel through bloodstream for cell communication
human activities	things humans do that impact the environment
human impact	humans have changed drastically the biotic and abiotic environment
Human overpopulation	too many people in one place for the resources available; causes all the environmental problems we have
Hypothesis	A statement that predicts a relationship between cause and effect in a way that can be tested
Immune system	system that protects body from foreign invaders (pathogens/microbes)
Industrialization	when we started using factories to produce things and increased pollution
Inorganic molecule	water
Insulin	an hormone that regulates blood sugar (it tells body to lower glucose in blood when blood sugar is too high)
invasive species	non-native species that harms the ecosystem
Leaf	Flattened structure attached to stem where photosynthesis occurs
levels of organization	organelle
Limiting factor	Any factor in the environment that limits the size of a population
Liver	Large organ involved in neutralizing toxins
Macromolecule	a big molecule
meiosis	cell division where new cells have half the number of chromosomes as the original cell (sex cells)
Mitochondria	Pod shaped organelles that contain enzymes used to extract energy from nutrients
mitosis	cell division where new cells have the same number of chromosomes as the original cell (body cells)
Muscular system	system that allows for voluntary movement and involuntary movement (ex. heart beating)
Mutation	a change in DNA
natural selection	organisms that are best adapted to the environment survive and produce more offspring over time
Neuron	Nerve cell
Nerve cells	fast cell communication
Nervous system	system that controls and regulates the body
Niche	The specific role played by an organism in an ecosystem.
Nonrenewable resources	resources that cannot be recycled
Nucleus	A large structure within a cell metabolism and stores genetic information including chromosomes over time
Observations	Any information that is collected with any of the senses
Omnivore	consumes/heterotrophs that eat both producers and consumers (eat both plants and animals)
organelle	part of cell that does a specific action
Organic molecule	molecule made up of carbon and hydrogen
Osmosis	A diffusion of water in or out of a cell
Ovaries	in the female reproductive system; where eggs are made through meiosis
Pancreas	organ/structure that releases insulin
paper chromatography	technique that determines relationships between organisms by comparing protein bands
parasite	organism that takes nutrients from a host
Parasite-host relationship	when one organism feeds on another organism without killing it (ex. lice)
Pathogens	foreign invader to body (virus or harmful bacteria)
Period	Length of time
Pesticide resistance	when there is a natural variation (mutation) in insects and the ones with the mutation become resistant to the pesticide; solution to the problem →make a new pesticide
pH	measures how acidic something is
Photosynthesis	Takes radiant energy of the sun to create sugar (glucose) molecules for plant cells using water and carbon dioxide
Pituitary gland	The master gland of the endoplasmic system located at the base of the brain
Placenta	The organ that enables nutrients and oxygen to pass from the mother's blood to the fetus and waste products to pass from the fetus to the mother's blood
Population	All the individuals of a single species that live in specific area
Predator-prey relationship	when an animal hunts and eats another animal (ex. lion and antelope)
Producer	organisms that make (produce) their own food using the sun (plants
Protein synthesis	DNA
Proteins	made up of amino acids
Recombination of genes	when genes recombine in different ways
Relative dating	Determining the order of past events without determining absolute age
renewable resources	resources that can be replaced by natural means
Respiration	Organisms get energy by breaking the bonds of sugar molecules the released energy is used to make a molecule ATP
respiratory system	brings oxygen in and removes carbon dioxide from the body
Ribosomes	Tiny structures in the cell that are the sites of protein production
RNA	DNA is translated into this before protein is synthesized (REMEMBER: G → C
Scavenger	an animal that finds/eats something that has already died (does not hunt but scavenges) (ex. vulture)
scientific method	observations
selective breeding	choosing organisms with desired traits to serve as parents for the next generation
Selective breeding	The process of choosing a few organisms with deliberate traits to serve as the parents of the next generation
Selective breeding	The process of choosing a few organisms with deliberate traits to serve as the parents of the next generation
Selective breeding	when we select animals/plants with desired traits to breed hoping to get the trait in the offspring
Sexual reproduction	A method of reproduction that involves two parents producing offspring that are generally different from either parent
Sexual reproduction	A method of reproduction that involves two parents producing offspring that are generally different from either parent
Skeletal system	system that provides structure
Species	A group of organisms that share certain characteristics and can mate with one another
Species	A group of organisms that share certain characteristics and can mate with one another
Starch	an example of a carbohydrate
Stem	The main stalk of a plant
Stem	The main stalk of a plant
Stimulus	Any change in the environment that causes an organism to react
Stimulus	Any change in the environment that causes an organism to react
Stomates	Small holes in leaves
Stomates	Small holes in leaves
Structural similarities	evidence for evolution based on similarities of structures of different species (not the best evidence)
succession	process where in an area an existing community is replaced with another community over time
Survival of the fittest	when the best organisms survive and reproduce
synthesis	building or putting molecules together
Testosterone	male sex hormone that stimulates production of sperm
trade off	balancing the pros and cons
Trait	Families sharing a set of similar characteristics
uterus	where the fetus grows and develops
Vaccine	A substance made of weakened killed or or partial pathogens and designed to protect the body from future invasions of that pathogen
vacuole	storage in plant cells
Vacuoles	Storage sacs within the cytoplasm of a cell that may contain either wastes or useful materials
Validity	makes an experiment more valid (true) by repeating experiment or increasing sample size
Virus	A nonliving particle of proteins and genetic material that reproduces by invading the cell of a living organism
White blood cells	cells that 1. make antibodies to identify antigens on pathogen
Wind/solar/water power	renewable resources that are better for the environment (BUT very expensive)
Zygote	The cell that result from joining of the egg and sperm

Created by: Mquinteros

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