Genetics 300 Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Genes and expression | control basic concepts of heredity |
| Hair Color | controlled by pigment Melanin. |
| Enumelanin | black or brown hair |
| Pheomelanin | red or yellow hair |
| MC1R gene | found to be responsible -a receptor. Most people with red har carry 2 defective copies of MC1R gene |
| Mendel's Success | adopted experimental approach and interpreted his results by using mathematics. Mendel formulated hypotheses based on his initial observations and then conducted addl crosses to test it. |
| Mendel | mated a given phenotype with a similar phenotype until he never saw a different phenotype Homozygous |
| Law of Segregation | when an individual produces gametes, each gamete will receive only 1 copy of a particular gene |
| Gene | a genetic factor (region of DNA) that helps determine a characteristic |
| Allele | One of two or more alternative forms of a gene. |
| Locus | Specific place on a chrom occupied by an allele |
| Genotype | set of alleles possessed by an individual |
| Heterozygote | an individual organism possessing 2 different alleles at a locus |
| Homogygote | an individual organism possessing 2 of the same allele at a locus |
| Phenotype or Trait | Appearance or manifestation of a character |
| Characteristic | attribute or feature |
| monohybrid crosses | cross between parents that differ in a single gene |
| Reciprocal crosses | crosses in which phenotypes of male and female are reversed and crossed |
| Important result of monohybrid cross | each plant was concluded to carry 2 genetic encoding factors since the presence of 2 phenotypes could be found in F2 even though F1 only displayed one phenotype. |
| Mendel Discovers: | 1. each offspring inherit gentic factors from both parents 2. two alleles separate when gametes are formes 1 allele per gamete 3. dominant alleles will mask recessive alleles 4. 2 alleles separate w/ equal probability into gametes. gametes pair randomly |
| Phenotype expression | caused by genotype (genetic constitution), actions of other genes and their products, and environmental influences and random developmental events |
| backcross | cross between F1 genotypes ( ex Rr) and its parent ( ex RR or rr ) |
| Principle of Segregation | each individual 2n organism posses 2 alleles for any particular characteristic |
| Multiplication Rule | the probability of two or more independent events occurring together is calculated by multiplying their independent probabilities. ex. rolling a 4 is 1/6. rolling a 4 a second time is 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36. KEY WORD - AND |
| Addition Rule | probability of 2 or more mutually exclusive events is calculated. KEY WORD - EITHER. ex. roll a die and get either a 3 (1/6) or a 4 (1/6) 1/6 + 1/6 = 2/6 = 1/3 |
| testcross | one individual of unknown genotype is crossed with another individual that is homozygous for a recessive trait. if the unknown was heterozygous the f1 would be 1:1 for heterozygous and homozygous recessive. |
| incomplete dominance | dominance is lacking. phenotype of heterozygous is different form either homozygous phenotypes. |
| Wild Type | common allele for a character, usually found in the wild symbol + |
| independent assortment | Alleles encoding for different traits separate independently. |
| Dihybrid Cross | RrYy can produce 4 gametes according to independent assortment. -> RY Ry rY ry |
| Goodness of Fit | Results might not exactly equal whole expected numbers. must have a mechanism to determine results fit expectations or whether you must reject hypothesis. |
| Chi-square test | allows to check for null-hypothesis (difference due to chance) x squared = (observed/ expected)squared / expected |
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loveflyny
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