BLUEPRINT [LR] Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer | |||||||
| What is a characterization quest? | Just looking at the argument and trying to figure out something about it | |||||||
| How do you get better at seeing argument structure? | Read for Propositions DON'T read for sentences | |||||||
| What is a proposition? | Any kind of assertion | |||||||
| What structure do all arguments have? | [P] Premise [P] Premise (assumption) ------------------- *conclusion | At least 1 premise and a conclusion | ||||||
| What is a conclusion? | Propositions supported by premises | |||||||
| Premise key words? | since because for | as after all moreover | in addition given that | |||||
| Conclusion key words? | therefore thus hence | so as a result consequently | It follows that it is clear that | |||||
| What are assumptions? | claims not explicitly stated | must be true for conclusion to be inferred from the premises | ||||||
| Steps to breaking down arguments? | locate [underline] the conclusion | find the relevant premises -What conclusion o they support | ID any assumptions in the argument | |||||
| How does a conclusion become necessarily true? | When both premises are true | Conclusion can be "logically inferred" from the conjunction of two premises | ||||||
| What does it mean when an argument is "valid"? | Conclusion of an argument can be logically inferred from its premises | |||||||
| Game plan for figuring out "main pt." of a characterization quest.? | **Look for conclusion indicators -Conclusion/premise key words -Author's attitude shift [but, however, etc. ] +Any presence of author’s attitude can be indicative of a conclusion [even if it’s not a shift] | -prescriptive statement [should, ought, etc] -proposed explanation for phenomenon | **Answer check -Is it in the stimulus?[yes] -is it supported by something else in the stimulus?[yes] -does it support something else in the stimulus?[no] | |||||
| Example prompts for "main pt." quests.? | "Which one of the following is the [main pt.] of the argument?" | "Which one of the following most accurately expresses the [conclusion] of the argument?" | ||||||
| How do role quests. work? | **they pt. you to part of stimulus -we have to figure out what role it plays | |||||||
| Role quest. game plan? | 1. what are they telling you to ID in stimulus? --bracket that statement | 2. underline conclusion and find relevant premises | 3. ID role of bracketed statement --premise? --conclusion? --subsidiary conclusion? --something else? [background info/objection to position/claim refuted by argument] | 4. pick answer choice that IDs the role w/out mischaracterizing the argument | ||||
| Example prompts for [role] quests.? | "...most accurately describes the [role] played in the..." | "...[figures] in the argument in which of the following ways?" | ||||||
| [describe] quest. game plan? | 1. underline conclusion and find relevant premises | 2. if prevalent argument type[the BIG LIST] --find answer choice that describes it w/out micharacterizing argument | 3. if not prevalent argument type --paraphrase how premise(s) support conclusion and find answer choice that describes it w/out mischaracterizing argument | |||||
| How to tell if a prompt is for a Describe quest? | **Ask if they are saying [how?] | |||||||
| What is an argument? | Set of propositions | 1 or more propositions intended to provide support for another proposition | ||||||
| What are premises? | Propositions on which an argument is based | Stated as facts | Intended to support a conclusions | |||||
| What are the prevalent forms of argumentation that [Describe] questions use [BIG LIST]? | **Rejecting Alternatives --req. premise that says I have to do one of 2 things --premises that reject or eliminate some of your choices | **Applying a General Principle --rule/law --premise that says the rule is happening now so we have to follow what the rule says now | **Appealing to an Authority --expert on subject | **Using a Counterexample --has to be claim that they're going against in the argument | **Making an Apology --req premise that 2 things have something in common --premises that something is true about 1 of 2 things | **Using a Line of Reasoning to Draw an Absurd Conclusion (generally 2nd perspective) | **Proposing an Alternative Cause for an Observed Effect **Undermining a Premise or Conclusion (generally 2nd Perspective) | **Offering New Evidence/ Challenging an Assumption (generally 2nd perspective) --points to assumption **Explaining a Phenomenon |
Created by:
KyronCox
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