Higher Invertebrates Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Phylum Arthropoda | Greatest number are insects. Characteristics that they share are: segmentation, hard exoskeleton, jointed appendages. Four subphyla: Trilobitomorpha, Cheliceriformes, Uniramia, Crustacea. |
| Subphylum Chelicerata | Posess chelicerae: feeding appendages- pincers or fangs. 3 living classes: Merostamata, Arachnida, Pycnogondia. 6 pairs of appendages, cephalothorax, abdomen. (No antennae or mandible) |
| Class Merostama | Horseshoe crabs.Bridge to medical discovery- principles of vision & screening for diseases. Covered with single sheet of exoskeleton- CARAPACE. Book gills- areas of gas exchange, blood circulates & oxygen is removed from water. Telson- Long tail spike. |
| Class Arachnida | Spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites. Have a pair of chelicera, pair of pedipalps, 4 pairs of legs. Gas exchange through book lungs- modified & internalized book gills. |
| Subphylum Uniramia | 3 classes. Diplopoda (millipedes), Chilopoda (centipedes), Insecta |
| Class Insecta | Contains more specied than any other group in the world. Butterflies, moths, bees, mosquitoes, flies, termites. Tracheal system- gas exchange, chitin lined tubes that carry oxygen directly to cells throughout the body. |
| Spiracles | Small spots along both sides of the abdomen. They are openings into the tracheal system of the grasshopper- gas exchange. It has the ability to close the spiracles to avoid water loss by evaporation. |
| Hemocoel | Space that separates the body wall from the internal organs. This space is filled w/ a colorless fluid- hemolymph which is circulated by the heart. |
| Malpighian tubules | Metabolic wastes are present in hemolymph and Malpighian tubules remove these wastes. |
| Journey of waste material | Esophagus- narrow extension of mouth- crop stores food until pass into the gastric ceca- fingerlike pouches that connect the crop to the stomach, secrete digestive enzymes- food absorption. Travels to stomach, then intestine, into rectum, & through anus. |
| Subphylum Crustacea | Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, copepods, water fleas, wood lice. Biramous- have clawed appendages. Have appendages on abdomen. Some small crustaceans can perform gas exchange through cuticle, while others use gills. |
| Class Malacostraca | 60% of subphylum Crustacea. Most are food sources for humans- crabs, lobster, shrimp, crayfish. Tripartite- 3 segments (head, thorax, abdomen) |
| Cervical groove | Indentation on the carapace- separates the 2 regions of the cephalothorax. |
| Rostrum | Point at the anterior portion of the head formed by exoskeleton |
| Uropods | Tail fan is made of. surrounding a triangular shaped telson |
| Oviduct | Tude that leads from the ovaries to the ventral surface of the animal. |
| Stomach | 1. Cardiac- grinds food. 2. Pyloric- contains enzymes to further digest food. |
| Green glands | Excretory organs. Located directly behind the antenna & underneath the brain. Also called antennal glands. |
| Phylum Echinodermata | Sea lilies, feather stars, brittle stars, sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sea daisies. 5 pointed (pentamerous) radial symmetry in adults, complex water vascular system, calcareous ossicles which form endoskeleton, mutable connective tissue. |
| Class Asteroida | 2nd large group, 1600 species sea stars. Gonads & parts of digestive tract in each arm. AUTOMIZE- arm will later be regenerated- a form of asexual reprod. If sea star is in pieces, 2 or more can form from only if 1/5 of central disc remains w/ an arm. |
| Body surface of sea star | Oral (bottom) & aboral (top) surfaces. |
| Dermal Brachiae | Found interspersed b/w spines & function in respiratory capabilities. non-calcified |
| Pedicellariae | 2 or 3 calcium carbonate valves that can open or close. Function to remove unwanted debris or organisms from the surface of the animal. |
| Madreporite | Part of the water vascular system & functions as the intake of the water |
| Ambulacral grooves | Tube feet (podia) line these. Ambulacral spines line each side of the ambulacral groove. They protect the tube feet when they are retracted. Ampulla- controls the water flow to the tube foot internally |
| Perivisceral coelom | Main body cavity of the sea star, encompassing all organs. Covered by ciliated epithelium- peritoneum. The cilia control the flow of the coelomic fluid to distribute food & oxygen. |
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Cediana Studying
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